﻿514 
  lORTT-SEVENTH 
  REPORT 
  ON 
  THE 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM. 
  

  

  tain 
  on 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  complexity 
  of 
  structure, 
  but 
  approximately 
  

   it 
  is 
  not 
  less 
  than 
  275 
  feet. 
  

  

  On 
  the 
  east 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  Heiderberg 
  ridge, 
  south 
  from 
  East 
  

   Kingston, 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  continuation 
  of 
  the 
  line 
  of 
  high 
  cliffs 
  of 
  

   Pentamerus 
  and 
  Tentaculite 
  limestones, 
  which 
  rise 
  from 
  the 
  

   terrace 
  of 
  clay 
  and 
  sand 
  and 
  trend 
  nearly 
  due 
  north 
  and 
  south. 
  

   The 
  river 
  has 
  encroached 
  upon 
  the 
  terrace 
  in 
  this 
  vicinity, 
  and 
  a 
  

   mile 
  south 
  of 
  East 
  Kingston 
  extends 
  to 
  within 
  a 
  few 
  yards 
  of 
  

   the 
  limestone 
  cliffs 
  which 
  continue 
  near 
  the 
  river 
  bank 
  for 
  some 
  

   distance. 
  In 
  the 
  brickyards 
  in 
  this 
  region 
  there 
  are 
  a 
  number 
  

   of 
  exposures 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  clays 
  are 
  seen 
  abutting 
  against 
  the 
  

   limestones, 
  and 
  in 
  plate 
  22 
  one 
  of 
  these 
  is 
  represented. 
  The 
  

   limestones 
  shown 
  in 
  this 
  plate 
  are 
  the 
  Tentaculite 
  and 
  Pentamerus 
  

   beds, 
  and 
  their 
  dip 
  is 
  due 
  west 
  at 
  an 
  angle 
  varying 
  from 
  sixty- 
  

   three 
  degrees 
  to 
  sixty-eight 
  degrees. 
  The 
  overhanging 
  cliffs 
  

   were 
  of 
  course 
  cut 
  by 
  the 
  Hudson 
  river 
  before 
  the 
  deposition 
  of 
  

   the 
  clays, 
  and 
  this 
  exposure 
  affords 
  an 
  interesting 
  insight 
  into 
  

   a 
  detail 
  of 
  the 
  conditions 
  that 
  prevailed 
  in 
  this 
  region 
  in 
  those 
  

   times. 
  The 
  cement 
  bed 
  is 
  completely 
  buried 
  under 
  the 
  

   clay 
  from 
  East 
  Kingston 
  southward, 
  excepting 
  at 
  one 
  

   point 
  a 
  short 
  distance 
  north 
  of 
  the 
  quarry 
  shown 
  on 
  plate 
  22 
  

   where 
  a 
  small 
  stream 
  flows 
  out 
  of 
  the 
  ridge 
  and 
  exposes 
  rock 
  

   nearly 
  to 
  tide 
  water 
  level. 
  The 
  cement 
  was 
  formerly 
  worked 
  

   near 
  this 
  outcrop, 
  and 
  the 
  old 
  adit 
  by 
  which 
  it 
  was 
  reached 
  

   extends 
  under 
  the 
  road 
  just 
  north 
  of 
  the 
  stream. 
  The 
  structure 
  

   of 
  the 
  ridge 
  in 
  this 
  region 
  is 
  shown 
  in 
  section 
  II 
  on 
  plate 
  4, 
  and 
  

   the 
  general 
  relations 
  shown 
  in 
  this 
  section 
  prevail 
  for 
  a 
  consid- 
  

   erable 
  distance 
  to 
  the 
  north 
  and 
  south. 
  A 
  short 
  distance 
  south 
  

   the 
  trend 
  of 
  the 
  ridge 
  changes 
  to 
  south-southwest 
  and 
  the 
  river 
  

   bank 
  bears 
  off 
  to 
  the 
  eastward. 
  The 
  intervening 
  terrace 
  is 
  an 
  

   elevated 
  sand 
  plain 
  underlaid 
  by 
  clay, 
  and 
  has 
  a 
  width 
  of 
  nearly 
  

   a 
  mile 
  at 
  Kingston 
  Point. 
  The 
  lower 
  members 
  in 
  the 
  ridge 
  are 
  

   deeply 
  buried 
  under 
  the 
  clay 
  and 
  sand, 
  but 
  the 
  upper 
  limestones 
  

   rise 
  in 
  a 
  cliff 
  or 
  steep 
  slope 
  of 
  considerable 
  prominence. 
  Approach 
  

   ing 
  Kondout 
  the 
  terrace 
  rapidly 
  decreases 
  in 
  altitude 
  and 
  the 
  

   eastern 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  ridge 
  is 
  again 
  exposed. 
  This 
  is 
  near 
  the 
  line 
  

   along 
  which 
  section 
  III 
  of 
  plate 
  is 
  drawn, 
  and 
  this 
  section 
  illus- 
  

   trates 
  the 
  relations 
  of 
  the 
  western 
  edge 
  of 
  the 
  lower 
  terrace 
  on 
  

   which 
  Kondout 
  is 
  built. 
  

  

  