﻿520 
  Forty-seventh 
  Report 
  on 
  the 
  State 
  Museum, 
  

  

  shallow 
  synclinals 
  and 
  low 
  anticlinals 
  n 
  which 
  the 
  Onondaga 
  

   limestones 
  and 
  Esopus 
  shales 
  are 
  extended 
  over 
  a 
  wide 
  area. 
  

   The 
  general 
  structure 
  of 
  this 
  region 
  is 
  represented 
  in 
  sections 
  II, 
  

   III 
  and 
  IY, 
  plate 
  4. 
  The 
  city 
  of 
  Kingston, 
  excepting 
  the 
  Kon- 
  

   dout 
  portion, 
  is 
  in 
  greater 
  part 
  built 
  on 
  the 
  Onondaga 
  limestone 
  

   or 
  on 
  the 
  sand 
  by 
  which 
  this 
  formation 
  is 
  deeply 
  covered 
  to 
  the 
  

   southwest. 
  South 
  of 
  the 
  Ulster 
  and 
  Delaware 
  railroad 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  

   general 
  pitch 
  to 
  the 
  north, 
  and 
  the 
  Esopus 
  shales 
  extend 
  in 
  

   long 
  fingers 
  northward 
  along 
  the 
  anticlinals. 
  These 
  fingers 
  

   unite 
  around 
  the 
  ends 
  of 
  synclinals 
  of 
  the 
  limestone 
  southward, 
  

   and 
  the 
  formation 
  covers 
  a 
  wide 
  area 
  in 
  the 
  southwestern 
  out- 
  

   skirts 
  of 
  the 
  city 
  and 
  thence 
  extends 
  southward 
  to 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  

   the 
  great 
  anticlinal 
  of 
  the 
  Binnewater 
  region. 
  The 
  Onondaga 
  

   limestone 
  area 
  attains 
  its 
  greatest 
  width 
  near 
  the 
  line 
  of 
  section 
  

   III, 
  where 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  less 
  than 
  three 
  miles 
  wide 
  from 
  east 
  to 
  west. 
  

   In 
  this 
  extension 
  it 
  occupies 
  seven 
  flexures, 
  of 
  which 
  the 
  west- 
  

   ernmost 
  are 
  very 
  broad 
  and 
  low, 
  and 
  pitch 
  northward. 
  They 
  

   die 
  out 
  in 
  the 
  vicinity 
  of 
  Esopus 
  creek, 
  west 
  of 
  Kingston, 
  for 
  in 
  

   the 
  overlying 
  Hamilton 
  shales 
  westward 
  their 
  only 
  apparent 
  

   influence 
  is 
  to 
  change 
  the 
  direction 
  of 
  the 
  general 
  west-north- 
  

   west 
  monocline 
  to 
  north 
  and 
  north-northwest 
  for 
  a 
  short 
  distance. 
  

   The 
  pitch 
  of 
  the 
  flexures 
  in 
  the 
  northeastern 
  section 
  of 
  the 
  city 
  

   is 
  to 
  the 
  south, 
  as 
  shown 
  in 
  section 
  II, 
  and 
  in 
  these 
  the 
  lime- 
  

   stone 
  soon 
  terminates 
  in 
  a 
  series 
  of 
  fingers. 
  Thence 
  northward 
  

   the 
  principal 
  flexures 
  are 
  in 
  a 
  broad 
  belt 
  of 
  Esopus 
  shales 
  which 
  

   is 
  bordered 
  westward 
  by 
  a 
  west-dipping 
  monocline 
  of 
  Onondaga 
  

   limestone 
  occupying 
  a 
  much 
  narrower 
  belt. 
  This 
  monocline 
  is 
  

   somewhat 
  flexed 
  locally 
  and 
  presents 
  many 
  minor, 
  local 
  variations 
  

   in 
  dip. 
  

  

  The 
  most 
  prominent 
  flexure 
  in 
  the 
  Kingston 
  region 
  is 
  an 
  

   anticlinal 
  which 
  begins 
  near 
  the 
  West 
  Shore 
  railroad 
  north 
  of 
  

   Wilbur 
  and 
  passes 
  under 
  the 
  City 
  Hall 
  and 
  along 
  Clifton 
  avenue 
  

   by 
  the 
  almshouse. 
  It 
  is 
  in 
  Onondaga 
  limestone 
  from 
  just 
  south 
  

   of 
  Union 
  avenue 
  to 
  near 
  the 
  almshouse, 
  but 
  is 
  marked 
  by 
  long 
  

   fingers 
  of 
  Esopus 
  shales 
  beyond, 
  and 
  at 
  one 
  point 
  on 
  the 
  hilltop 
  

   half 
  a 
  mile 
  northeast 
  of 
  the 
  City 
  Hall 
  this 
  formation 
  is 
  exposed 
  

   in 
  a 
  very 
  small 
  inlying 
  area 
  along 
  the 
  top 
  of 
  the 
  arch. 
  

  

  Exposures 
  of 
  Onondaga 
  limestone 
  are 
  frequent 
  about 
  Kings- 
  

   ton, 
  but 
  they 
  all 
  lie 
  to 
  the 
  southwest, 
  south 
  and 
  east 
  of 
  the 
  rail- 
  

   way 
  station, 
  as 
  the 
  northwestern 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  city 
  is 
  heavily 
  

  

  