﻿Report 
  of 
  the 
  State 
  Geologist. 
  533 
  

  

  area 
  in 
  this 
  region, 
  and 
  there 
  are 
  several 
  small 
  openings 
  down 
  to 
  

   it. 
  The 
  pitch 
  of 
  the 
  anticlinal 
  is 
  to 
  the 
  north 
  and 
  this 
  finally 
  

   carries 
  the 
  Helderberg 
  limestooe 
  and 
  Oriskany 
  beds 
  beneath 
  the 
  

   Esopus 
  shales 
  in 
  the 
  wide 
  area 
  of 
  that 
  formation 
  south 
  of 
  Kingston. 
  

   The 
  region 
  has 
  been 
  deeply 
  eroded 
  and 
  it 
  consists 
  of 
  a 
  series 
  of 
  

   very 
  sharp, 
  rough, 
  rocky 
  ridges, 
  due 
  mainly 
  to 
  the 
  wide 
  extension 
  

   of 
  the 
  upper 
  and 
  lower 
  Shaly 
  limestones 
  The 
  upper 
  Binne- 
  

   waters, 
  numbers 
  1, 
  2 
  and 
  3, 
  lie 
  in 
  the 
  valleys 
  between 
  the 
  ridges 
  

   northwest 
  of 
  Whiteport 
  station, 
  and 
  there 
  are 
  several 
  meadows, 
  

   but 
  the 
  depressions 
  are 
  mainly 
  deep, 
  narrow, 
  rocky 
  gorges. 
  

   The 
  greater 
  number 
  of 
  the 
  ridges 
  are 
  not 
  high, 
  but 
  their 
  pre- 
  

   cipitous 
  sides 
  and 
  the 
  scrubby 
  growth 
  which 
  they 
  bear 
  gives 
  

   to 
  the 
  region 
  a 
  peculiarly 
  wild 
  aspect. 
  This 
  roughness 
  is 
  by 
  

   no 
  means 
  fully 
  expressed 
  in 
  the 
  stereograph 
  (plate 
  7), 
  which 
  

   represents 
  only 
  the 
  larger 
  features. 
  The 
  principal 
  ridge 
  is 
  

   along 
  the 
  highest 
  arch 
  of 
  the 
  anticlinal, 
  but 
  it 
  is 
  cat 
  across 
  

   diagonally 
  by 
  a 
  valley 
  near 
  the 
  center 
  of 
  the 
  region, 
  as 
  shown 
  in 
  

   figure 
  9. 
  Tho 
  Binne 
  waters 
  are 
  beautiful 
  little 
  lakes 
  nestled 
  

   among 
  the 
  ridges 
  in 
  a 
  most 
  picturesque 
  manner. 
  They 
  are 
  more 
  

   or 
  less 
  completely 
  surrounded 
  by 
  cliffs 
  or 
  rocky 
  slopes 
  and 
  have 
  

   considerable 
  irregularity 
  in 
  outline. 
  The 
  first 
  or 
  northernmost 
  

   Binne 
  water 
  is 
  the 
  largest 
  and 
  the 
  second 
  and 
  third 
  empty 
  into 
  it 
  

   by 
  separate 
  outlets 
  from 
  the 
  south. 
  The 
  second 
  Binnewater 
  is 
  a 
  

   very 
  small 
  body 
  of 
  water 
  lying 
  in 
  a 
  narrow 
  gorge 
  between 
  the 
  

   upper 
  Shaly 
  and 
  Becraft 
  limestoues. 
  At 
  its 
  head 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  

   meadow 
  of 
  some 
  size 
  and 
  a 
  small 
  meandering 
  stream 
  which 
  

   heads 
  far 
  northwest 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  Binnewater. 
  This 
  stream 
  flows 
  

   south 
  between 
  ridges 
  of 
  Esopus 
  shales 
  and 
  the 
  Oriskany 
  sand- 
  

   stone 
  and 
  turning 
  abruptly 
  to 
  the 
  east 
  passes 
  through 
  a 
  small 
  

   gorge 
  in 
  the 
  Oriskany 
  and 
  upper 
  Shaly 
  limestone, 
  beyond 
  wlrch 
  

   it 
  meanders 
  northward 
  through 
  a 
  meadow 
  into 
  the 
  second 
  Bin- 
  

   newater. 
  The 
  third 
  Binnewater 
  is 
  in 
  a 
  valley 
  which 
  heads 
  in 
  a 
  

   complex 
  series 
  of 
  Shaly 
  limestone 
  hills 
  to 
  the 
  southward, 
  and 
  it 
  

   is 
  some 
  distance 
  south 
  of 
  the 
  second 
  Binnewater. 
  Its 
  valley 
  is 
  

   separated 
  from 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  second 
  Binnewater 
  by 
  a 
  long, 
  narrow 
  

   ridge 
  of 
  Becraft 
  and 
  lower 
  Shaly 
  limestones 
  which 
  ends 
  in 
  a 
  

   point 
  at 
  the 
  first 
  Binnewater. 
  The 
  valley 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  Binne- 
  

  

  