﻿550 
  Forty-seventh 
  Report 
  on 
  the 
  State 
  Museum, 
  

  

  sented 
  southward. 
  From 
  the 
  wide 
  anticlinal 
  area 
  to 
  the 
  west 
  

   the 
  grit 
  has 
  been 
  eroded 
  and 
  the 
  Hudson 
  river 
  shales 
  occupy 
  the 
  

   surface 
  in 
  a 
  group 
  of 
  very 
  high 
  hills. 
  These 
  hills 
  are 
  surrounded 
  

   on 
  the 
  east, 
  south 
  and 
  west 
  by 
  cliffs 
  of 
  the 
  grit 
  which 
  rise 
  some- 
  

   what 
  above 
  them 
  to 
  the 
  east 
  are 
  about 
  even 
  with 
  their 
  higher 
  

   summits 
  on 
  the 
  north, 
  and 
  lie 
  on 
  their 
  flanks 
  to 
  the 
  west. 
  It 
  is 
  

   the 
  grit 
  on 
  the 
  western 
  limb 
  of 
  the 
  anticlinal 
  that 
  lies 
  on 
  the 
  

   western 
  flanks 
  of 
  the 
  slate 
  hills, 
  and 
  this 
  relation 
  continues 
  in 
  a 
  

   monoclinal 
  mountain 
  which 
  extends 
  from 
  Ellen 
  ville 
  far 
  south- 
  

   ward 
  into 
  Pennsylvania. 
  This 
  monoclinal 
  mountain 
  consists 
  of 
  

   a 
  single-crested 
  ridge 
  of 
  the 
  Shawangunk 
  grit 
  with 
  a 
  long 
  slope 
  

   up 
  the 
  dip 
  from 
  the 
  valley 
  to 
  the 
  west, 
  which 
  terminates 
  in 
  an 
  

   east-facing 
  cliff 
  of 
  grit 
  surmounting 
  long 
  rolling 
  slopes 
  of 
  shales 
  

   on 
  the 
  east 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  mountain. 
  Its 
  structure 
  near 
  the 
  south- 
  

   ern 
  edge 
  of 
  Ulster 
  county 
  is 
  shown 
  in 
  the 
  bottom 
  section 
  on 
  

   plate 
  1 
  2, 
  and 
  this 
  is 
  typical 
  for 
  the 
  greater 
  part 
  of 
  its 
  course. 
  

   The 
  dips 
  along 
  the 
  western 
  slope 
  of 
  the 
  mountain 
  are 
  low 
  north 
  

   of 
  Wawar^ing, 
  but 
  they 
  rapidly 
  increase 
  southward 
  to 
  an 
  

   average 
  of 
  about 
  sixty 
  degrees 
  in 
  the 
  vicinity 
  of 
  Ellenville. 
  In 
  

   this 
  region 
  of 
  steep 
  dips 
  the 
  streams 
  flowing 
  down 
  the 
  steep 
  

   Western 
  slope 
  have 
  cut 
  deep 
  gorges, 
  which 
  in 
  several 
  cases 
  

   extend 
  through 
  the 
  grit 
  into 
  the 
  underlying 
  shales. 
  The 
  two 
  

   streams 
  south 
  of 
  Ellenville 
  are 
  exaggerated 
  examples 
  of 
  this, 
  

   and 
  they 
  have 
  been 
  largely 
  instrumental 
  in 
  barring 
  the 
  Hudson 
  

   river 
  shales 
  on 
  the 
  anticlinal 
  axis 
  behind 
  Sam's 
  point. 
  The 
  two 
  

   streams 
  just 
  north 
  of 
  Ellenville 
  also 
  cut 
  down 
  to 
  the 
  shales, 
  but 
  

   they 
  are 
  small 
  and 
  have 
  cut 
  only 
  narrow 
  gorges. 
  Opposite 
  

   Napanoch 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  small 
  creek 
  which 
  cuts 
  a 
  deep 
  gorge 
  into 
  

   the 
  shales, 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  higher 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  slope 
  has 
  bared 
  an 
  area 
  

   of 
  considerable 
  size, 
  which 
  is 
  surrounded 
  by 
  great 
  cliffs 
  of 
  the 
  

   grit. 
  The 
  stream 
  opposite 
  Wawarsing 
  has 
  cut 
  a 
  gorge 
  and 
  

   removed 
  a 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  grit 
  in 
  its 
  upper 
  portion, 
  but 
  does 
  

   not 
  cut 
  through 
  to 
  the 
  slate. 
  The 
  head 
  of 
  this 
  depression 
  

   extends 
  into 
  the 
  head 
  of 
  ihe 
  depression 
  opposite 
  Napanoch, 
  

   and 
  they 
  are 
  surmounted 
  on 
  the 
  east 
  by 
  a 
  continuous 
  line 
  

   of 
  high 
  cliffs. 
  The 
  stream 
  which 
  flows 
  out 
  of 
  the 
  mountain 
  

   at 
  Port 
  Hixon 
  is 
  larger 
  than 
  the 
  others 
  and 
  has 
  cut 
  a 
  deep 
  

   wide 
  gorge, 
  but 
  owing 
  to 
  the 
  lower 
  dip 
  of 
  the 
  grit 
  it 
  does 
  not 
  

   appear 
  to 
  have 
  cut 
  through 
  to 
  the 
  shales 
  to 
  any 
  great 
  extent. 
  

  

  