﻿Report 
  of 
  the 
  State 
  Geologist. 
  563 
  

  

  depressions. 
  Polishing 
  is 
  a 
  very 
  conspicuous 
  feature 
  on 
  the 
  

   mountain. 
  The 
  surfaces 
  are 
  frequently 
  almost 
  glassy, 
  particu- 
  

   larly 
  on 
  the 
  higher 
  portions 
  of 
  the 
  western 
  slopes 
  where 
  there 
  

   are 
  wide 
  areas 
  of 
  polished 
  surfaces. 
  This 
  may 
  be 
  due 
  in 
  part 
  to 
  

   local 
  erosion 
  and 
  ice 
  action. 
  In 
  the 
  flag 
  and 
  Catskiil 
  regions 
  

   the 
  scoring 
  and 
  striation 
  is 
  frequently 
  seen. 
  The 
  direction 
  is 
  

   mainly 
  north-northeast 
  to 
  south 
  southwest, 
  but 
  is 
  very 
  vari- 
  

   able 
  within 
  limits 
  of 
  a 
  few 
  degrees, 
  particularly 
  in 
  the 
  lower 
  

   altitudes. 
  

  

  The 
  alluvial 
  deposits 
  of 
  Ulster 
  county 
  comprise 
  sands, 
  gravels 
  

   and 
  boulders 
  along 
  the 
  streams 
  and 
  peat 
  and 
  marl 
  deposits 
  in 
  

   some 
  of 
  the 
  adjacent 
  lowlands. 
  The 
  upper 
  valleys 
  of 
  Esopus 
  

   and 
  Kondout 
  creeks 
  contain 
  a 
  large 
  amount 
  of 
  relatively 
  recent 
  

   gravels 
  and 
  boulders 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  intermixed 
  with 
  sands, 
  and 
  

   nearly 
  all 
  the 
  small 
  stream 
  depressions 
  contain 
  similar 
  deposits 
  

   at 
  intervals. 
  There 
  are 
  along 
  the 
  wider 
  valleys 
  of 
  the 
  eastern 
  

   part 
  of 
  the 
  county 
  extensive 
  deposits 
  of 
  stratified 
  clays 
  and 
  

   sands 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  lowest 
  terraces 
  greater 
  or 
  less 
  accumulations 
  of 
  

   recent 
  alluviums. 
  The 
  clays 
  and 
  sands 
  constitute 
  a 
  terrace 
  of 
  

   varying 
  width 
  bordering 
  the 
  Hudson 
  river 
  to 
  below 
  Port 
  

   E 
  wen 
  and 
  extending 
  up 
  the 
  Eondout 
  creek 
  by 
  Ellen 
  ville, 
  up 
  the 
  

   Wallkill 
  to 
  Orange 
  county 
  and 
  a 
  long 
  distance 
  up 
  Esopus 
  creek. 
  

   They 
  are 
  the 
  products 
  of 
  a 
  submergence 
  at 
  the 
  close 
  of 
  the 
  

   glacial 
  epoch, 
  which 
  is 
  known 
  as 
  the 
  Champlain 
  period. 
  Dur- 
  

   ing 
  this 
  submergence 
  the 
  waters 
  of 
  the 
  Hudson 
  extended 
  over 
  

   the 
  area 
  now 
  occupied 
  by 
  the 
  deposits, 
  which 
  have 
  since 
  been 
  

   elevated 
  and 
  cut 
  into 
  by 
  the 
  present 
  drainage. 
  

  

  These 
  deposits 
  extend 
  up 
  to 
  an 
  altitude 
  averaging 
  about 
  250 
  

   feet 
  to 
  the 
  westward 
  and 
  to 
  considerably 
  less 
  along 
  the 
  Hudson. 
  

   They 
  consist 
  normally 
  of 
  a 
  clay 
  deposit 
  below 
  overlaid 
  to 
  a 
  

   greater 
  or 
  less 
  thickness 
  by 
  sand. 
  At 
  points 
  where 
  the 
  streams 
  

   entered 
  the 
  submerged 
  area 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  the 
  deposition 
  of 
  

   these 
  deposits 
  there 
  are 
  also 
  found 
  delta 
  deposits 
  of 
  coarser 
  

   materials. 
  The 
  clays 
  lie 
  on 
  thin, 
  irregular 
  masses 
  of 
  glacial 
  

   sands 
  and 
  gravels 
  or 
  on 
  glaciated 
  surfaces 
  of 
  rocks. 
  Mr. 
  Hein- 
  

   rich 
  Ries 
  * 
  has 
  recently 
  published 
  a 
  preliminary 
  account 
  of 
  these 
  

  

  * 
  The 
  Quaternary 
  deposits 
  of 
  the 
  Hudson 
  River 
  valley 
  between 
  Croton 
  and 
  Albany, 
  with 
  notes 
  

   »n 
  the 
  brick 
  clays 
  and 
  the 
  manufacture 
  of 
  brick. 
  10th 
  annual 
  report, 
  State 
  Geologist, 
  1880. 
  

   110-155. 
  Albany, 
  1891. 
  

  

  