﻿Report 
  of 
  the 
  State 
  Geologist. 
  575 
  

  

  Another 
  factor 
  aiding 
  in 
  ciie 
  development 
  of 
  this 
  industry 
  is 
  

   the 
  fact 
  that 
  these 
  cement 
  mines 
  are 
  in 
  the 
  center 
  of 
  an 
  energetic 
  

   manufacturing 
  and 
  engineering 
  county. 
  A 
  third 
  factor 
  is 
  the 
  

   transportation 
  facilities. 
  The 
  mines 
  which 
  produce 
  the 
  rock, 
  the 
  

   kilns 
  for 
  burning, 
  and 
  the 
  mills 
  for 
  grinding 
  are 
  so 
  situated 
  that 
  

   coal 
  is 
  brought 
  to 
  them 
  by 
  water 
  via 
  the 
  Delaware 
  and 
  Hudson 
  

   Canal, 
  and 
  this 
  canal, 
  the 
  Walkill 
  and 
  the 
  Hudson 
  river, 
  the 
  West 
  

   Shore 
  and 
  Walkill 
  Valley 
  railroads 
  receive 
  the 
  cement 
  direct 
  

   from 
  the 
  mills 
  without 
  cartage 
  in 
  most 
  cases. 
  These 
  facilities 
  

   minimize 
  the 
  cost 
  of 
  production. 
  The 
  rock 
  which 
  is 
  mined 
  for 
  

   the 
  manufacture 
  of 
  cement 
  belongs 
  to 
  the 
  upper 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  

   Salina 
  or 
  salt-producing 
  formation, 
  though 
  the 
  salt-bearing 
  

   beds 
  do 
  not 
  occur 
  in 
  the 
  eastern 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  State. 
  Through- 
  

   out 
  the 
  cement 
  region 
  a 
  division 
  is 
  recognized 
  into 
  an 
  upper 
  and 
  

   a 
  lower 
  cement 
  bed. 
  At 
  Rondout, 
  in 
  the 
  mines 
  of 
  the 
  Newark 
  

   Lime 
  and 
  Cement 
  Company, 
  these 
  two 
  beds, 
  according 
  to 
  Hon. 
  

   Jas. 
  G. 
  Lindsley, 
  are 
  in 
  direct 
  contact. 
  In 
  all 
  the 
  other 
  localities 
  

   where 
  the 
  rock 
  is 
  mined 
  the 
  "upper 
  cement 
  bed" 
  is 
  separated 
  by 
  

   about 
  twelve 
  feet 
  of 
  sandy 
  rock 
  from 
  the 
  "lower 
  cement 
  bed." 
  

   These 
  beds 
  are 
  nearly 
  equal 
  in, 
  thickness, 
  varying 
  from 
  seven 
  to 
  

   twenty 
  -four 
  feet. 
  The 
  lower 
  cement 
  bed 
  is 
  usually 
  the 
  thicker 
  

   of 
  the 
  two, 
  where 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  difference. 
  

  

  The 
  cement 
  beds 
  are 
  overlaid 
  by 
  thin-bedded, 
  dark 
  colored 
  Ten- 
  

   taculite 
  limestone, 
  followed 
  above 
  by 
  heavier 
  and 
  very 
  nearly 
  

   pure 
  limestone, 
  known 
  as 
  the 
  Pentamerus 
  limestone. 
  (See 
  cut 
  of 
  

   New 
  York 
  and 
  Rosendale 
  Cement 
  Company's 
  mine 
  at 
  Rosendale.) 
  

   Fossils 
  are 
  very 
  rarely 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  cement 
  beds, 
  though 
  abund- 
  

   ant 
  in 
  the 
  limestones 
  immediately 
  overlying 
  them. 
  

  

  The 
  workable 
  beds 
  of 
  cement 
  rock 
  are 
  found 
  principally 
  north 
  

   of 
  the 
  Walkill 
  and 
  Rondout 
  creek. 
  At 
  High 
  Falls 
  the 
  

   Shawangunk 
  grit 
  appears, 
  and 
  from 
  this 
  point 
  southeast 
  of 
  Ron- 
  

   dout 
  creek 
  it 
  rises 
  in 
  high 
  mountain 
  ridges, 
  extending 
  to 
  Ellen- 
  

   viile 
  and 
  further. 
  The 
  cement 
  rock, 
  is 
  thus 
  cut 
  off 
  in 
  this 
  direc- 
  

   tion, 
  while 
  to 
  the 
  northwest, 
  though 
  limestone 
  outcrops 
  at 
  

   Napanoch 
  and 
  several 
  other 
  localities, 
  the 
  cement 
  rock 
  has 
  not 
  

   been 
  observed. 
  Across 
  the 
  valley 
  (to 
  the 
  northwest) 
  the 
  Devonian 
  

   rocks 
  appeir 
  in 
  high 
  hills. 
  It 
  is 
  thus 
  evident 
  that 
  the 
  cement 
  

   beds 
  are 
  deeply 
  buried. 
  

  

  The 
  same 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  true 
  to 
  the 
  north 
  and 
  northwest 
  # 
  of 
  

   Kingston. 
  To 
  the 
  west 
  of 
  Saugerties 
  the 
  Cauda-gaili 
  and 
  Scho- 
  

  

  