﻿632 
  Forty- 
  seventh 
  Report 
  on 
  the 
  State 
  Museum. 
  

  

  York, 
  brings 
  out 
  the 
  general 
  relations 
  still 
  more 
  clearly. 
  As 
  

   they 
  are 
  closely 
  connected 
  with 
  the 
  geological 
  phenomena, 
  they 
  

   are 
  again 
  briefly 
  commented 
  on 
  here. 
  The 
  valley 
  of 
  Lake 
  

   Champlain 
  runs 
  nearly 
  due 
  north 
  and 
  south, 
  and 
  is 
  closely 
  parallel 
  

   to 
  the 
  trend 
  of 
  the 
  Green 
  mountains, 
  although 
  some 
  distance 
  

   west 
  of 
  them. 
  It 
  is 
  a 
  deep 
  trough 
  of 
  erosion, 
  doubtless 
  more 
  or 
  

   less 
  affected, 
  or 
  directed 
  by 
  faulting. 
  It 
  lies 
  near 
  the 
  contact 
  of 
  

   the 
  palaeozoic 
  sedimentary 
  rocks 
  and 
  the 
  archaaan 
  crystallines, 
  

   but 
  while 
  sometimes 
  having 
  the 
  latter 
  for 
  its 
  western 
  shores, 
  it 
  is 
  

   in 
  much 
  the 
  greater 
  portion 
  contained 
  in 
  the 
  former, 
  the 
  latest 
  of 
  

   which 
  is 
  the 
  Utica 
  slate. 
  The 
  dips 
  of 
  all 
  the 
  palaeozoic 
  strata 
  

   on 
  the 
  New 
  York 
  side 
  are 
  low 
  and 
  are 
  inclined 
  to 
  the 
  north 
  or 
  

   northwest, 
  as 
  will 
  be 
  seen 
  by 
  following 
  up 
  the 
  shore 
  of 
  our 
  maps. 
  

   They 
  thus 
  give 
  no 
  evidence 
  that 
  a 
  geosyncline 
  outlined 
  the 
  lake 
  

   basin, 
  but 
  rather 
  contradict 
  it. 
  

  

  The 
  high 
  lands 
  of 
  Essex 
  county 
  are 
  all 
  archsean 
  and 
  include 
  

   Mt. 
  Marcy 
  and 
  Mt. 
  Mclntyre, 
  much 
  the 
  highest 
  mountains 
  of 
  the 
  

   State. 
  These 
  elevations 
  in 
  general 
  are 
  formed 
  of 
  northeast 
  and 
  

   southwest 
  ridges, 
  which, 
  when 
  they 
  reach 
  Lake 
  Champlain, 
  jut 
  

   into 
  it 
  at 
  a 
  slight 
  angle 
  with 
  its 
  course. 
  The 
  lake 
  sets 
  back 
  as 
  a 
  

   series 
  of 
  bays 
  around 
  the 
  north 
  ends 
  of 
  these. 
  The 
  palaeozoic 
  

   rocks 
  extend 
  back 
  into 
  the 
  larger 
  embayments, 
  and 
  in 
  instances 
  

   run 
  goodly 
  distances 
  up 
  into 
  the 
  hills, 
  as 
  at 
  Ticonderoga 
  and 
  

   Crown 
  Point, 
  but 
  they 
  also 
  form 
  small 
  remnants 
  next 
  the 
  water- 
  

   front. 
  While 
  a 
  northeast 
  trend 
  is 
  the 
  general 
  rule 
  in 
  the 
  moun- 
  

   tains, 
  there 
  are 
  ridges 
  which 
  run 
  nearly 
  east 
  and 
  west, 
  as 
  is 
  the 
  

   case 
  with 
  Bullwagga 
  mountain 
  in 
  southern 
  Moriah, 
  and 
  Buck 
  moun- 
  

   tain 
  in 
  northern 
  Ticonderoga, 
  but 
  back 
  from 
  the 
  lake 
  the 
  general 
  

   direction 
  of 
  the 
  valleys 
  is 
  northeast, 
  and 
  all 
  the 
  larger 
  streams, 
  

   such 
  as 
  the 
  Saranac, 
  west 
  and 
  east 
  branches 
  of 
  the 
  Ausable, 
  

   the 
  Boquet 
  and 
  the 
  Black 
  rivers, 
  flow 
  in 
  this 
  direction 
  until 
  they 
  can 
  

   reach 
  Lake 
  Champlain 
  around 
  the 
  north 
  ends 
  of 
  the 
  ridges. 
  

   The 
  southwesterly 
  drainage 
  in 
  the 
  limits 
  of 
  Essex 
  county 
  follows 
  

   the 
  same 
  rule, 
  and 
  the 
  Schroon, 
  the 
  Boreas 
  and 
  the 
  North 
  or 
  

   Hudson 
  river 
  flow 
  to 
  the 
  northwest, 
  until 
  in 
  Warren 
  county 
  they 
  

   come 
  around 
  in 
  the 
  Hudson 
  proper 
  to 
  a 
  southerly 
  direction. 
  

  

  There 
  is 
  much 
  reason 
  to 
  regard 
  these 
  valleys 
  as 
  chiefly 
  due 
  to 
  

   faults 
  and 
  the 
  mountain 
  ridges 
  as 
  of 
  the 
  block-tilted 
  type, 
  but 
  in 
  

   massive 
  and 
  metamorphic 
  rocks 
  this 
  can 
  not 
  be 
  as 
  readily 
  shown 
  

  

  