﻿Report 
  of 
  the 
  State 
  Geologist. 
  665 
  

  

  abundant 
  in 
  the 
  more 
  basic 
  developments. 
  The 
  great 
  fault 
  or 
  

   shear-zone 
  at 
  Avalanche 
  lake, 
  that 
  looks 
  so 
  much 
  like 
  a 
  trap 
  dike, 
  

   is 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  most 
  interesting 
  places 
  in 
  the 
  mountains. 
  Its 
  

   minerals 
  are 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  rather 
  basic 
  gabbros, 
  but 
  are 
  much 
  

   crushed 
  and 
  metamorphosed. 
  It 
  does 
  not 
  show 
  the 
  mineralogy 
  

   or 
  structure 
  of 
  a 
  dike, 
  and 
  has 
  already 
  been 
  described 
  and 
  

   figured 
  by 
  the 
  writer. 
  Indian 
  pass, 
  Avalanche 
  pass 
  and 
  

   Wilmington 
  notch 
  are 
  superb 
  fault 
  valleys. 
  Whiteface 
  is 
  a 
  

   great 
  anorthosite 
  peak, 
  and 
  various 
  smaller 
  knobs 
  project 
  in 
  the 
  

   northwestern 
  portion 
  above 
  the 
  widespread 
  gravels 
  and 
  sand. 
  

  

  Series 
  IY. 
  Xo 
  trace 
  of 
  this 
  series 
  appears. 
  

  

  Series 
  V. 
  The 
  dikes 
  are 
  represented 
  by 
  a 
  f§w 
  of 
  the 
  diabase 
  

   type. 
  One 
  occurs 
  in 
  a 
  little 
  cascade 
  on 
  the 
  trail 
  up 
  Mt. 
  Mclntyre 
  

   and 
  a 
  number 
  are 
  just 
  outside 
  the 
  town 
  in 
  Wilmington. 
  

  

  Series 
  VI. 
  A 
  very 
  large 
  proportion 
  of 
  the 
  area, 
  much 
  more 
  

   than 
  is 
  indicated 
  on 
  the 
  map, 
  is 
  covered 
  by 
  the 
  sands 
  and 
  gravels 
  

   of 
  the 
  Pleistocene. 
  Fine 
  lake 
  bottoms, 
  deltas 
  and 
  banks 
  of 
  

   sand 
  are 
  distributed 
  over 
  the 
  lower 
  country. 
  They 
  are 
  

   especially 
  developed 
  in 
  the 
  west 
  and 
  northwest, 
  so 
  that 
  one 
  may 
  

   drive 
  miles 
  or 
  tramp 
  through 
  scrubby 
  growth 
  without 
  meeting 
  a 
  

   trace 
  of 
  a 
  rocky 
  ledge. 
  

  

  St. 
  Armas 
  d. 
  

  

  I 
  have 
  only 
  traversed 
  as 
  yet 
  the 
  western 
  part 
  of 
  this 
  town 
  

   and 
  the 
  adjoining 
  portion 
  of 
  Franklin 
  county. 
  The 
  eastern 
  part 
  

   is 
  a 
  wilderness 
  formed 
  by 
  the 
  Whiteface 
  ridge 
  and 
  some 
  smaller 
  

   parallel 
  ones 
  on 
  the 
  west. 
  

  

  Series 
  I 
  The 
  gneisses 
  in 
  quite 
  typical 
  development 
  form 
  the 
  

   western 
  portion. 
  Excellent 
  orthoclase 
  gneisses 
  appear 
  on 
  both 
  

   sides 
  of 
  the 
  road 
  from 
  Saranac 
  to 
  Blooming 
  dale. 
  In 
  the 
  next 
  

   county 
  they 
  occur 
  for 
  several 
  miles 
  out 
  from 
  Saranac, 
  along 
  the 
  line 
  

   of 
  the 
  Chateaugay 
  railroad. 
  Xear 
  Saranac, 
  at 
  151, 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  

   cliff, 
  showing 
  curiously 
  crushed 
  quartzose 
  gneiss, 
  thickly 
  set 
  

   with 
  tremolite 
  and 
  phlogopite. 
  It 
  appeal 
  s 
  to 
  be 
  along 
  a 
  fault 
  

   cliff, 
  and 
  under 
  the 
  microscope 
  is 
  much 
  strained 
  and 
  crushed. 
  On 
  

   the 
  west 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  ridge 
  is 
  a 
  quarry 
  in 
  excellent 
  gneiss, 
  

   above 
  which 
  is 
  a 
  quartzose 
  bed 
  charged 
  with 
  sulphides, 
  especially 
  

   pyrite. 
  It 
  is 
  a 
  good 
  illustration 
  of 
  a 
  " 
  fahlband 
  " 
  or 
  bed 
  in 
  gneiss 
  

   containing 
  sulphide 
  minerals. 
  A 
  few 
  shining 
  flakes 
  of 
  molyb- 
  

   denite 
  aroused 
  the 
  suspicion 
  of 
  silver. 
  

   84 
  

  

  