﻿$62 
  Forty-seventh 
  Report 
  on 
  the 
  State 
  Museum. 
  

  

  higher 
  portions 
  of 
  the 
  knoll. 
  In 
  places 
  the 
  sand 
  had 
  been 
  dis- 
  

   turbed 
  to 
  a 
  depth 
  of 
  three 
  and 
  a 
  half 
  to 
  four 
  feet, 
  was 
  mixed 
  with 
  

   charcoal 
  and 
  the 
  whitish 
  calcareous 
  substance 
  previously 
  referred 
  

   to. 
  Some 
  Hamilton 
  fossils, 
  recent 
  snail-shells 
  and 
  a 
  small 
  

   irregular 
  fragment 
  of 
  burned 
  clay 
  were 
  further 
  noted. 
  

  

  4. 
  Osteological 
  Characters. 
  

  

  a. 
  General. 
  — 
  The 
  following 
  brief 
  descriptions 
  pertain 
  chiefly 
  

   to 
  the 
  complete 
  skeleton, 
  since 
  the 
  comparatively 
  few 
  bones 
  found 
  

   of 
  the 
  other 
  two 
  were 
  scattered 
  before 
  they 
  could 
  be 
  obtained 
  

   for 
  careful 
  study. 
  This 
  is 
  believed 
  to 
  have 
  belonged 
  to 
  an 
  adult 
  

   male, 
  ia 
  middle 
  life, 
  whose 
  stature, 
  estimated 
  in 
  the 
  ordinary 
  way 
  

   from 
  the 
  length 
  of 
  the 
  femur 
  (18.76 
  inches 
  -=- 
  .275) 
  was 
  approxi- 
  

   mately 
  five 
  feet 
  and 
  eight 
  inches. 
  With 
  the 
  exception 
  of 
  the 
  

   pelvic 
  bones, 
  the 
  ribs 
  and 
  lower 
  vertebra?, 
  the 
  bones 
  are 
  in 
  

   excellent 
  state 
  of 
  preservation, 
  to 
  some 
  extent 
  showing 
  their 
  

   original 
  color 
  and 
  hardness. 
  The 
  larger 
  leg 
  and 
  arm 
  bones 
  are 
  

   somewhat 
  decayed 
  at 
  the 
  extremities 
  while 
  the 
  more 
  slender 
  ones 
  

   have 
  begun 
  to 
  exfoliate 
  and 
  soften. 
  The 
  skull 
  is 
  surprisingly 
  

   firm 
  and 
  hard. 
  The 
  bones 
  throughout 
  are 
  massive 
  and 
  indicate 
  a 
  

   heavy 
  muscular 
  development. 
  

  

  b. 
  Tibia. 
  — 
  In 
  order 
  that 
  the 
  most 
  interesting 
  peculiarities 
  of 
  

   the 
  skeleton 
  may 
  be 
  appreciated 
  it 
  is 
  necessary 
  to 
  make 
  some 
  

   comparisons 
  with 
  ancient 
  and 
  modern 
  tibia?, 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  measure- 
  

   ments, 
  drawings 
  and 
  the 
  following 
  indices 
  : 
  (1) 
  The 
  length 
  is 
  taken 
  

   from 
  the 
  tip 
  of 
  the 
  spinous 
  process, 
  at 
  the 
  knee 
  articulation, 
  to 
  the 
  

   point 
  of 
  the 
  internal 
  malleolus 
  at 
  the 
  opposite 
  end. 
  (2) 
  The 
  trans- 
  

   verse 
  diameter 
  at 
  the 
  knee 
  articulation. 
  (3) 
  The 
  least 
  circumfer- 
  

   ence 
  of 
  the 
  shaft. 
  (4) 
  Antero-posterior 
  and 
  transverse 
  diameters, 
  

   taken 
  where 
  the 
  faint 
  ridge 
  upon 
  the 
  upper, 
  posterior 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  

   bone 
  (the 
  " 
  popliteal 
  line 
  ") 
  passes 
  obliquely 
  down 
  and 
  terminates 
  

   at 
  the 
  inner 
  border 
  of 
  the 
  bone. 
  This 
  is 
  usually 
  from 
  one 
  and 
  

   a 
  half 
  to 
  two 
  inches 
  below 
  the 
  small 
  opening 
  to 
  the 
  interior 
  of 
  the 
  

   tibia, 
  known 
  as 
  the 
  " 
  nutrient 
  foramen." 
  Some 
  investigators 
  

   take 
  these 
  measurements, 
  however, 
  at 
  the 
  level 
  of 
  this 
  foramen. 
  

   (5) 
  The 
  ratio 
  of 
  these 
  two 
  diameters 
  noted 
  under 
  (4) 
  obviously 
  

   expresses 
  the 
  amount 
  of 
  flattening 
  of 
  the 
  bone 
  and 
  is 
  called 
  the 
  

   "latitudinal 
  index." 
  (6) 
  Another 
  index, 
  the 
  "perimetral," 
  is 
  

   obtained 
  by 
  dividing 
  the 
  least 
  circumference 
  by 
  the 
  length, 
  and 
  

  

  