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  Forty-seventh 
  Report 
  on 
  the 
  State 
  Museum. 
  

  

  The 
  degree 
  of 
  flattening 
  observed 
  in 
  certain 
  cases 
  is 
  remarka- 
  

   ble. 
  Fig. 
  4 
  from 
  the 
  cave 
  of 
  Cro-Magnon, 
  France, 
  shows 
  one 
  

   of 
  these 
  extreme 
  types, 
  which 
  must 
  have 
  had 
  an 
  index 
  of 
  but 
  

   little 
  over 
  .400. 
  Gillman 
  secured 
  two 
  specimens 
  from 
  the 
  

   Circular 
  mound, 
  upon 
  the 
  Detroit 
  river, 
  with 
  indices 
  of 
  .400 
  

   and 
  .420 
  respectively, 
  while 
  one 
  from 
  the 
  Grand 
  Canaries 
  was 
  

   found 
  by 
  Kuhff 
  to 
  fall 
  as 
  low 
  as 
  .360. 
  Expressed 
  somewhat 
  

   more 
  intelligibly, 
  this 
  means 
  that 
  the 
  transverse 
  diameter 
  but 
  

   slightly 
  exceeds 
  one- 
  third 
  of 
  the 
  fore-and-aft 
  diameter. 
  

  

  An 
  examination 
  of 
  a 
  series 
  of 
  flattened 
  tibiae 
  shows 
  that 
  the 
  

   platycnemism 
  is 
  of 
  two 
  varieties, 
  depending 
  upon 
  whether 
  it 
  is 
  

  

  Fio. 
  1. 
  

  

  Fta. 
  2. 
  

  

  Fig. 
  8. 
  

  

  Explanation 
  op 
  Figures. 
  

  

  Cross-sections 
  of 
  tibise. 
  The 
  anterior 
  margin 
  is 
  above, 
  the 
  posterior 
  below, 
  the 
  internal 
  

   surface 
  to 
  the 
  left 
  and 
  the 
  external, 
  bearing 
  the 
  icterosseus 
  ridge, 
  to 
  the 
  right. 
  

  

  Figures 
  1 
  and 
  2 
  represent 
  the 
  modern, 
  normal 
  proportions. 
  Fig. 
  3 
  is 
  the 
  Canandaigua 
  tibia. 
  

   Fig. 
  4, 
  Cro-magnon. 
  Fig. 
  5, 
  Gibraltar. 
  Fig. 
  6 
  is 
  from 
  the 
  tibia 
  of 
  a 
  supposed 
  " 
  mound- 
  

   builder. 
  " 
  

  

  attained 
  by 
  a 
  relative 
  extension 
  of 
  bone 
  in 
  front 
  of 
  or 
  behind 
  the 
  

   interosseus 
  ridge. 
  If 
  in 
  front, 
  we 
  have 
  the 
  anterior 
  variety, 
  

   which 
  commonly 
  occurs 
  in 
  this 
  country 
  and 
  in 
  Wales 
  ; 
  if 
  behind 
  

   this 
  lateral, 
  ridge 
  we 
  have 
  the 
  posterior 
  variety; 
  that 
  which 
  

   characterizes 
  the 
  Gibraltar 
  tibiae. 
  Fig. 
  5, 
  from 
  Gibraltar, 
  and 
  

   Fig. 
  4 
  represent 
  this 
  latter 
  type, 
  while 
  Figs. 
  3 
  and 
  6 
  fairly 
  

   represent 
  the 
  anterior 
  platycnemism. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  usual 
  to 
  find 
  associated 
  with 
  platycnemism 
  a 
  strong 
  curva- 
  

   ture 
  of 
  the 
  body 
  of 
  the 
  tibia, 
  the 
  convexity 
  directed 
  forwards, 
  

   giving 
  to 
  the 
  flattened 
  bone 
  what 
  has 
  been 
  appropriately 
  termed 
  

   the 
  "saber-like 
  curvature." 
  This 
  peculiarity 
  is, 
  to 
  some 
  extent, 
  

   shown 
  by 
  the 
  Canandaigua 
  tibiae. 
  When 
  this 
  curvature 
  of 
  the 
  

  

  