﻿Report 
  of 
  the 
  State 
  Geologist. 
  

  

  865 
  

  

  body 
  of 
  the 
  tibia 
  is 
  absent 
  there 
  may 
  still 
  be 
  found 
  a 
  backward 
  

   deflection 
  of 
  the 
  head 
  of 
  the 
  bone, 
  so 
  that 
  the 
  axis 
  of 
  this 
  head 
  

   neither 
  coincides 
  with, 
  nor 
  is 
  parallel 
  to, 
  the 
  axis 
  of 
  the 
  shaft, 
  

   but 
  makes 
  with 
  it 
  a 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  acute 
  angle. 
  The 
  result 
  of 
  this 
  

   is 
  that 
  when 
  the 
  articulating 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  head 
  of 
  the 
  tibia 
  is 
  

   placed 
  horizontal 
  (its 
  natural 
  position 
  when 
  man 
  is 
  erect), 
  the 
  

   lower 
  extremity 
  of 
  the 
  bone 
  is 
  deflected 
  backward, 
  out 
  of 
  the 
  

   vertical 
  line. 
  

  

  c. 
  Femur. 
  — 
  The 
  lateral 
  compression 
  of 
  the 
  femur, 
  first 
  noted 
  

   by 
  Prof. 
  Busk 
  and 
  described 
  at 
  length 
  by 
  Gillman,* 
  is 
  here 
  

   observed, 
  although 
  to 
  an 
  extent 
  that 
  would 
  be 
  insignificant 
  if 
  

   not 
  associated 
  with 
  other 
  characters. 
  This 
  compression 
  occurs 
  

   just 
  above 
  the 
  knee 
  articulation 
  and 
  from 
  one 
  and 
  one-half 
  to 
  

  

  Fig. 
  4. 
  

  

  Fig. 
  5. 
  

  

  Fig. 
  6. 
  

  

  two 
  inches 
  below 
  the 
  trochanter 
  minor. 
  Its 
  amount 
  may 
  be 
  

   expressed 
  in 
  the 
  form 
  of 
  an 
  index, 
  obtained 
  by 
  dividing 
  the 
  

   antero-posterior 
  diameter 
  by 
  the 
  transverse. 
  In 
  modern 
  femora, 
  

   at 
  the 
  indicated 
  level 
  below 
  the 
  trochanter, 
  the 
  outline 
  

   approaches 
  the 
  circumference 
  of 
  a 
  circle, 
  but 
  seems 
  subject 
  to 
  

   considerable 
  modification. 
  I 
  have 
  found 
  an 
  index 
  of 
  .917 
  and 
  

   one 
  as 
  low 
  as 
  .786. 
  Gillman 
  found 
  a, 
  mean 
  of 
  .929 
  in 
  a 
  young 
  

   white 
  man, 
  while 
  Busk 
  secured 
  as 
  the 
  mean 
  of 
  three 
  meas- 
  

   urements 
  an 
  index 
  of 
  .783. 
  The 
  Denbighshire 
  femur 
  gave 
  

   an 
  index 
  of 
  .621, 
  thus 
  indicating 
  considerable 
  compression. 
  

   Nineteen 
  specimens 
  from 
  the 
  Great 
  mound 
  upon 
  the 
  Detroit 
  

   river 
  showed 
  as 
  a 
  maximum 
  compression 
  .592, 
  a 
  minimum 
  of 
  

   .859 
  and 
  a 
  mean 
  of 
  .718. 
  Mne 
  specimens 
  from 
  the 
  Circular 
  

  

  Proc. 
  American 
  Association 
  for 
  the 
  Advancement 
  of 
  Science. 
  Buffalo, 
  1876, 
  p. 
  S00. 
  

  

  109 
  

  

  