﻿874 
  Forty-seventh 
  Report 
  on 
  the 
  State 
  Museum. 
  

  

  of 
  the 
  Jar 
  din 
  des 
  Plantes 
  and 
  finding 
  him 
  surrounded 
  by 
  an 
  

   enormous 
  mass 
  of 
  American 
  bones. 
  He 
  remarked 
  that 
  platyc- 
  

   nemism 
  was 
  not 
  the 
  exception, 
  but 
  the 
  rule. 
  * 
  Out 
  of 
  100 
  

   tibiae 
  from 
  Ohio, 
  Dr. 
  Cresson 
  found 
  eighteen 
  flattened. 
  Statistics 
  

   are 
  wanting 
  in 
  regard 
  to 
  its 
  occurrence 
  amongst 
  modern 
  peoples, 
  

   but 
  in 
  civilized 
  man 
  and 
  the 
  American 
  Indians 
  it 
  probably 
  occurs 
  

   in 
  less 
  than 
  five 
  per 
  cent. 
  Among 
  the 
  negroes 
  it 
  is 
  much 
  

   more 
  common. 
  I 
  have 
  examined 
  tbe 
  bones 
  of 
  a 
  young 
  negro 
  

   girl 
  which 
  gave 
  a 
  mean 
  tibial 
  latitudinal 
  index 
  of 
  .696, 
  a 
  femoral 
  

   index 
  of 
  645 
  and 
  had 
  the 
  right 
  humerus 
  perforate. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  the 
  prehistoric 
  Arizona 
  Indians 
  Dr. 
  Lamb 
  found 
  

   fifty-four 
  per 
  cent 
  of 
  the 
  humeri 
  perforate 
  ; 
  in 
  the 
  Michigan 
  mounds 
  

   they 
  were 
  about 
  fifty 
  per 
  cent, 
  and 
  the 
  Guanches 
  from 
  the 
  

   Canary 
  Islands 
  gave 
  forty-six 
  per 
  cent. 
  Collections 
  of 
  humeri 
  from 
  

   various 
  mounds 
  of 
  the 
  United 
  States 
  show 
  the 
  perforation 
  in 
  from 
  

   twenty 
  to 
  thirty-five 
  per 
  cent. 
  In 
  156 
  neolithic 
  humeri 
  from 
  the 
  

   dolmens 
  and 
  grottoes 
  about 
  Paris 
  it 
  was 
  found 
  in 
  twenty-one 
  and 
  

   eight-tenths 
  per 
  cent, 
  while 
  200 
  Parisians 
  from 
  the 
  fourth 
  to 
  the 
  

   twelfth 
  centuries 
  showed 
  the 
  character 
  in 
  five 
  and 
  five-tenths 
  per 
  

   cent, 
  and 
  218 
  humeri 
  from 
  a 
  Parisian 
  cemetery 
  of 
  the 
  seventeenth 
  

   century 
  gave 
  but 
  three 
  and 
  two-tenths 
  per 
  cent. 
  From 
  available 
  

   statistics 
  it 
  is 
  believed 
  to 
  occur 
  in 
  from 
  three 
  to 
  four 
  per 
  cent 
  

   of 
  modern 
  civilized 
  man 
  and 
  in 
  about 
  five 
  per 
  cent 
  of 
  our 
  modern 
  

   American 
  Indians. 
  In 
  the 
  American 
  and 
  African 
  negroes 
  the 
  

   percentage 
  may 
  run 
  to 
  twenty 
  or 
  even 
  thirty, 
  being 
  apparently 
  

   quite 
  variable, 
  f 
  

  

  From 
  the 
  study 
  of 
  a 
  limited 
  amount 
  of 
  material, 
  Fraipont 
  

   found 
  that 
  the 
  angle 
  included 
  between 
  the 
  axis 
  of 
  the 
  head 
  of 
  

   the 
  tibia 
  and 
  the 
  axis 
  of 
  the 
  shaft, 
  had 
  gradually 
  diminished 
  from 
  

   18° 
  in 
  the 
  Neanderthal 
  tibia 
  to 
  an 
  average 
  of 
  6.6° 
  at 
  the 
  present 
  

   time. 
  In 
  the 
  anthropoid 
  apes 
  this 
  angle 
  averages 
  about 
  25°. 
  

   This 
  backward 
  deflection 
  of 
  the 
  head 
  of 
  the 
  tibia, 
  corellated 
  with 
  

   certain 
  characters 
  of 
  the 
  femur 
  (shape 
  and 
  limits 
  of 
  the 
  articu- 
  

   lating 
  surface 
  at 
  the 
  knee), 
  proves 
  that 
  primitive 
  man 
  had 
  habitu- 
  

   ally 
  a, 
  more 
  or 
  less, 
  crouching 
  posture.;); 
  The 
  perfectly 
  erect 
  

   position 
  has 
  been 
  slowly 
  and 
  gradually 
  acquired. 
  The 
  same 
  con- 
  

  

  * 
  Bull, 
  de 
  la 
  Soc. 
  d' 
  Anthropologic 
  de 
  Paris, 
  3d 
  ser., 
  vol. 
  X, 
  1887, 
  p. 
  188. 
  

  

  t 
  The 
  American 
  Anthropologist, 
  Lamb. 
  Vol. 
  Ill, 
  No. 
  2, 
  p. 
  166; 
  also 
  Anthropology, 
  Topinard. 
  

   Translated 
  by 
  Bartley, 
  p. 
  298. 
  

   t 
  Revue 
  d' 
  Anthropologic, 
  Paris, 
  3d 
  ser., 
  vol. 
  iii, 
  1888. 
  pp. 
  145-158. 
  

  

  