﻿BIRDS 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  35 
  

  

  haunts 
  of 
  the 
  bobohnk, 
  soHtary 
  vireo, 
  and 
  the 
  hermit 
  and 
  Wilson 
  thrushes." 
  

  

  This 
  quotation 
  from 
  Dr 
  Merriam 
  meets 
  the 
  conditions 
  throughout 
  western 
  

  

  New 
  York 
  excepting 
  that 
  the 
  southern 
  mole 
  and 
  Bobwhite 
  are 
  rare 
  or 
  

  

  absent 
  in 
  most 
  localities 
  and 
  the 
  Solitary 
  vireo 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  more 
  allied 
  

  

  with 
  the 
  Canadian 
  fauna. 
  The 
  same 
  statement 
  might 
  be 
  applied 
  to 
  the 
  

  

  borders 
  of 
  the 
  Catskill 
  and 
  Adirondack 
  regions, 
  as 
  far 
  as 
  the 
  spruce 
  and 
  

  

  fir 
  line. 
  

  

  The 
  Canadian 
  zone 
  comprises 
  the 
  southern 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  great 
  trans- 
  

   continental 
  coniferous 
  forest 
  of 
  Canada, 
  the 
  northern 
  parts 
  of 
  Maine, 
  New 
  

   Hampshire, 
  and 
  Michigan, 
  the 
  Green 
  mountains, 
  Adirondacks 
  and 
  Cats- 
  

   kills, 
  and 
  the 
  higher 
  mountains 
  of 
  Pennsylvania, 
  West 
  Virginia, 
  Virginia, 
  

   western 
  North 
  Carolina, 
  and 
  eastern 
  Tennessee. 
  Among 
  the 
  many 
  char- 
  

   acteristic 
  mammals 
  and 
  birds 
  of 
  the 
  Canadian 
  zone 
  are 
  the 
  lynx, 
  marten, 
  

   porcupine, 
  northern 
  red 
  squirrel, 
  varying 
  rabbit, 
  star 
  -nosed 
  and 
  Brewer's 
  

   moles, 
  voles, 
  long-tailed 
  shrews, 
  northern 
  jumping 
  mice, 
  white-throated 
  

   sparrow, 
  Blackburnian 
  and 
  yellow-rumped 
  warblers, 
  olive-backed 
  thrush, 
  

   three-toed 
  woodpecker, 
  spruce 
  grouse, 
  crossbills, 
  and 
  Canada 
  jays. 
  

  

  The 
  Adirondack 
  country, 
  after 
  the 
  spruce 
  and 
  fir 
  line 
  is 
  passed, 
  is 
  purely 
  

   Canadian 
  in 
  its 
  fauna, 
  but 
  the 
  Alleghanian 
  birds, 
  which 
  surround 
  it 
  on 
  all 
  

   sides, 
  invade 
  it 
  along 
  the 
  cleared 
  tracts 
  and 
  river 
  valleys. 
  All 
  the 
  mammals 
  

   and 
  birds 
  mentioned 
  above 
  as 
  characteristic 
  of 
  the 
  Canadian 
  zone 
  breed 
  

   in 
  the 
  Adirondacks. 
  In 
  the 
  Catskills 
  a 
  higher 
  altitude 
  must 
  be 
  reached 
  

   before 
  the 
  Canadian 
  plants 
  and 
  animals 
  are 
  met 
  with 
  but 
  the 
  higher 
  sum- 
  

   mits 
  are 
  all 
  Canadian 
  although 
  the 
  Spruce 
  grouse, 
  Canada 
  jay, 
  and 
  Ameri- 
  

   can 
  three-toed 
  woodpecker 
  are 
  not 
  natives 
  of 
  that 
  country. 
  The 
  highlands 
  

   along 
  the 
  Pennsylvania 
  border 
  in 
  southwestern 
  New 
  York 
  and 
  numerous 
  

   swamps 
  and 
  ravines 
  in 
  eastern 
  New 
  York, 
  the 
  central 
  lake 
  region, 
  and 
  

   western 
  New 
  York, 
  wherever 
  the 
  altitude 
  is 
  above 
  looo 
  feet, 
  are 
  strongly 
  

   tinged 
  with 
  the 
  Canadian 
  fauna, 
  showing 
  all 
  gradations 
  from 
  the 
  condi- 
  

   tion 
  exhibited 
  in 
  the 
  Catskills 
  to 
  that 
  found 
  in 
  Bergen 
  swamp, 
  Genesee 
  

   county, 
  and 
  the 
  smaller 
  gullies 
  of 
  the 
  lower 
  Finger 
  Lakes, 
  where 
  two 
  or 
  

   three 
  Canadian 
  birds 
  may 
  be 
  found 
  nesting 
  with 
  the 
  generally 
  distributed 
  

   transition 
  species. 
  

  

  The 
  following 
  chart 
  will 
  illustrate 
  the 
  distribution 
  of 
  all 
  our 
  breeding- 
  

   species 
  in 
  the 
  three 
  life 
  zones 
  of 
  New 
  York. 
  

  

  