﻿BIRDS 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  I05 
  

  

  Family 
  JVLCIDA-E 
  

  

  Atiks, 
  Guillemots 
  etc. 
  

   Order 
  Alciformes 
  in 
  Sharpe's 
  Hand-List 
  

  

  Feet 
  palmate, 
  hind 
  toe- 
  wanting; 
  tarsi 
  mostly 
  reticulate, 
  heel 
  joint 
  

   naked; 
  bill 
  variable, 
  in 
  some 
  species 
  curiously 
  enlarged, 
  and 
  ornamented 
  

   in 
  the 
  breeding 
  season; 
  tail 
  short, 
  of 
  i2-i6(rarely 
  1 
  8) 
  feathers; 
  lores 
  feathered; 
  

   oil 
  gland 
  tufted; 
  no 
  apophysis 
  of 
  tibia; 
  altricial, 
  i.e. 
  their 
  young 
  are 
  fed 
  

   in 
  the 
  nest 
  by 
  their 
  parents; 
  ptilopaedic, 
  or 
  mostly 
  covered 
  with 
  down; 
  

   nidicolous, 
  i.e. 
  remaining 
  in 
  the 
  nest 
  for 
  some 
  time; 
  eggs 
  one, 
  or 
  few, 
  very 
  

   large. 
  

  

  This 
  is 
  a 
  family 
  of 
  holarctic 
  distribution, 
  consisting 
  of 
  about 
  30 
  members, 
  

   almost 
  exclusively 
  maritime 
  in 
  habitat. 
  They 
  are 
  highly 
  gregarious 
  in 
  

   the 
  breeding 
  season 
  and 
  return 
  with 
  great 
  punctuality 
  to 
  their 
  nesting 
  

   sites 
  on 
  the 
  precipitous 
  cliffs 
  and 
  ledges 
  of 
  northern 
  shores. 
  Famous 
  

   breeding 
  grounds 
  are 
  the 
  Hebrides 
  and 
  other 
  islands 
  of 
  Scotland, 
  Norway, 
  

   Iceland, 
  Greenland, 
  Labrador, 
  Alaska, 
  and 
  Bird 
  Rock 
  in 
  the 
  St 
  Lawrence 
  

   gulf. 
  The 
  southernmost 
  breeding 
  stations 
  in 
  eastern 
  America 
  are 
  on 
  the 
  

   coast 
  of 
  Maine. 
  The 
  eggs 
  are 
  of 
  commercial 
  value 
  and 
  are 
  gathered 
  in 
  

   immense 
  numbers 
  on 
  the 
  rocky 
  islands 
  of 
  Great 
  Britain 
  and 
  Norway. 
  

  

  Fratercula 
  arctica 
  (Linnaeus) 
  

   Puffin 
  

  

  Plate 
  3 
  

  

  Alca 
  arctica 
  Linnaeus. 
  Syst. 
  Nat. 
  Ed. 
  10. 
  1758. 
  1:130 
  

   Mormon 
  arcticus 
  DeKay. 
  Zool. 
  N. 
  Y. 
  1844. 
  pt 
  2, 
  p. 
  282, 
  fig. 
  301 
  

   Fratercula 
  arctica 
  A. 
  O. 
  U. 
  Check 
  List. 
  Ed. 
  2. 
  1895. 
  No. 
  13 
  

  

  fraier'cula, 
  from 
  Lat. 
  fraterculare, 
  to 
  swell 
  up, 
  probably 
  from 
  the 
  pouting 
  

  

  appearance 
  of 
  standing 
  puffins, 
  somewhat 
  resembling 
  the 
  attitude 
  

  

  of 
  pouter 
  pigeons 
  ; 
  arc'tica, 
  arctic 
  

  

  Description. 
  Bill 
  extremely 
  deep. 
  Adult: 
  Head, 
  neck 
  and 
  upper 
  parts 
  

   blackish, 
  the 
  head 
  and 
  front 
  of 
  the 
  neck 
  browner 
  ; 
  sides 
  of 
  the 
  head, 
  throat 
  

   and 
  a 
  narrow 
  collar 
  on 
  the 
  nape 
  white 
  or 
  grayish; 
  breast 
  and 
  belly 
  white. 
  

   Breeding 
  plumage; 
  Bill 
  much 
  enlarged 
  and 
  brilliantly 
  colored; 
  feet 
  and 
  

   eyelids 
  orange-red; 
  a 
  bluish 
  conical 
  projection 
  on 
  the 
  upper 
  eyelids; 
  less 
  

   white 
  on 
  the 
  neck. 
  Length 
  13 
  inches; 
  wing 
  6; 
  tarsus 
  i; 
  bill 
  1.85; 
  depth 
  of 
  

   bill 
  in 
  winter 
  1.5. 
  

  

  