﻿BIRDS 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  2 
  1 
  

  

  O 
  

  

  comes 
  to 
  the 
  surface 
  to 
  breathe, 
  dodges 
  and 
  dives 
  so 
  suddenly 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  

   ahnost 
  impossible 
  to 
  capture 
  or 
  shoot 
  it. 
  It 
  is 
  usually 
  called 
  Butterball 
  

   or 
  Butterbox 
  by 
  the 
  sportsmen 
  in 
  allusion 
  to 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  its 
  entire 
  bod}' 
  

   is 
  encased 
  in 
  a 
  thick 
  layer 
  of 
  fat. 
  Its 
  flesh 
  is 
  not 
  held 
  in 
  high 
  repute, 
  but 
  

   the 
  young 
  are 
  tender 
  and 
  well 
  flavored. 
  

  

  Harelda 
  hy 
  emails 
  (Linnaeus) 
  

  

  Old 
  Squaw 
  

  

  Plate 
  20 
  

  

  Anas 
  hyemalis 
  Linnaeus. 
  Syst. 
  Nat. 
  Ed. 
  10. 
  1758. 
  i: 
  126 
  

   Fuligula 
  glacialis 
  DeKay 
  . 
  Zool. 
  N. 
  Y. 
  1844. 
  pt 
  2, 
  p. 
  328, 
  fig. 
  263 
  

   C 
  1 
  a 
  n 
  g 
  u 
  1 
  a 
  hyemalis 
  A. 
  O. 
  U. 
  Check 
  List. 
  Ed. 
  2. 
  1895. 
  No. 
  154 
  

  

  harel'da, 
  according 
  to 
  Newton 
  from 
  Havelle, 
  "common 
  Islandic 
  name 
  for 
  

  

  the 
  bird, 
  having 
  reference 
  to 
  the 
  trilHng 
  sound 
  of 
  its 
  musical 
  

  

  notes 
  " 
  [Diet. 
  p. 
  406]; 
  hyemd'lis, 
  of 
  winter 
  

  

  Description. 
  Male: 
  Breeding 
  plumage; 
  sides 
  of 
  the 
  head 
  pale 
  gray, 
  

   becoming 
  white 
  behind 
  the 
  eye; 
  the 
  rest 
  of 
  head, 
  neck, 
  breast 
  and 
  upper 
  

   parts 
  in 
  general 
  sooty 
  brown 
  or 
  blackish 
  ; 
  upper 
  back 
  and 
  scapulars 
  varied 
  

   with 
  reddish 
  buff; 
  outer 
  tail 
  feathers 
  white; 
  abdomen 
  white; 
  base 
  and 
  tip 
  

   of 
  bill 
  black, 
  the 
  middle 
  portion 
  pinkish; 
  iris 
  yellow; 
  feet 
  leaden 
  blue 
  with 
  

   dusky 
  webs; 
  middle 
  tail 
  feathers 
  greatly 
  elongated, 
  tapering 
  and 
  dividing 
  

   toward 
  the 
  tips. 
  Winter 
  plumage: 
  Head, 
  neck 
  and 
  foreback 
  white 
  

   with 
  gray 
  cheek 
  patches 
  and 
  blackish 
  patches 
  on 
  the 
  sides 
  of 
  the 
  head 
  ; 
  a 
  

   broad 
  blackish 
  zone 
  across 
  the 
  f 
  orebreast 
  ; 
  scapulars 
  grayish 
  white 
  ; 
  the 
  rest 
  

   of 
  upper 
  parts 
  blackish 
  and 
  under 
  parts 
  white. 
  Female 
  in 
  summer: 
  Head, 
  

   neck 
  and 
  upper 
  parts 
  dusky 
  brown, 
  the 
  white 
  space 
  around 
  the 
  eye 
  and 
  

   another 
  on 
  the 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  neck; 
  scapulars 
  light 
  brown 
  with 
  blackish 
  centers. 
  

   In 
  winter: 
  Head, 
  neck 
  and 
  under 
  parts 
  mostly 
  white; 
  crown 
  and 
  ear 
  spot 
  

   dusky; 
  f 
  orebreast 
  grayish; 
  upper 
  parts 
  dusky 
  brown; 
  the 
  scapulars 
  varied 
  

   with 
  light 
  brown 
  and 
  gray; 
  middle 
  tail 
  feathers 
  not 
  elongated. 
  Young: 
  

   Similar 
  to 
  winter 
  female, 
  but 
  the 
  scapulars 
  mostly 
  like 
  the 
  back, 
  and 
  the 
  

   head 
  and 
  neck 
  more 
  extensively 
  grayish 
  brown. 
  

  

  Length, 
  male, 
  21-23 
  inches; 
  female, 
  15-16; 
  extent 
  30; 
  wing 
  8-9; 
  tail, 
  

   male, 
  8-9; 
  female, 
  3; 
  bill 
  1.25; 
  tarsus 
  1.2; 
  middle 
  toe 
  and 
  claw 
  2.45. 
  

  

  Field 
  marks. 
  This 
  duck 
  may 
  be 
  recognized 
  in 
  summer 
  by 
  its 
  dark 
  

   head 
  and 
  neck, 
  with 
  a 
  large 
  grayish 
  white 
  spot 
  about 
  the 
  eye 
  ; 
  in 
  winter 
  by 
  

   the 
  white 
  or 
  light 
  colored 
  head 
  and 
  neck 
  with 
  blackish 
  patches 
  on 
  the 
  sides 
  

   of 
  the 
  head. 
  The 
  male 
  also 
  has 
  a 
  sooty 
  brown 
  breast, 
  and 
  is 
  our 
  only 
  duck, 
  

   besides 
  the 
  Pintail, 
  with 
  excessively 
  elongated 
  tail 
  feathers. 
  

  

  