﻿BIRDS 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  22 
  1 
  

  

  Cayuga 
  lake. 
  Taken 
  years 
  ago. 
  (J' 
  adult. 
  L. 
  A. 
  Fuertes 
  

  

  Oneida 
  lake. 
  Several 
  taken. 
  Ralph 
  & 
  Bagg 
  

  

  Great 
  Lakes. 
  1889. 
  Taken 
  in 
  deep 
  water 
  gill 
  nets. 
  Sterling, 
  Forest 
  and 
  Stream, 
  34: 
  

  

  350; 
  see 
  also 
  Linnett, 
  Auk, 
  7: 
  88 
  

   Irondequoit 
  bay. 
  Feb. 
  1890. 
  David 
  Bruce 
  

   Niagara 
  river. 
  Dec. 
  about 
  1891. 
  James 
  Savage 
  

  

  Lake 
  Champlain. 
  Dec. 
  2, 
  1894. 
  (C. 
  L. 
  Kirke). 
  State 
  Museum 
  Collection 
  

   Lake 
  Ontario, 
  Monroe 
  co. 
  Dec. 
  22, 
  1895. 
  ? 
  • 
  George 
  F. 
  Guelf 
  

  

  Erie, 
  Pa. 
  Nov. 
  13, 
  1894, 
  (5 
  shot) 
  ; 
  Dec. 
  30, 
  1900, 
  (2). 
  (Bacon). 
  Todd, 
  Birdsof 
  Erie, 
  p. 
  526 
  

   Cayuga, 
  Nov. 
  3, 
  1908. 
  (20 
  seen, 
  3 
  shot). 
  E. 
  H. 
  Eaton 
  

  

  Long 
  Island 
  dates 
  taken 
  from 
  over 
  30 
  records 
  in 
  Butcher's 
  Long 
  Island 
  

   Notes 
  range 
  from 
  November 
  i 
  to 
  April 
  27. 
  They 
  occur 
  every 
  winter 
  and 
  

   are 
  commonest 
  at 
  the 
  eastern 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  island. 
  

  

  Oidemia 
  americana 
  Swainson 
  

   American 
  Scoter 
  

  

  Plate 
  20 
  

  

  Oidemia 
  americana 
  Swainson 
  in 
  Swainson 
  & 
  Richardson. 
  Fauna 
  Bor. 
  Am., 
  

  

  1831. 
  2: 
  450 
  

   Fuligula 
  americana 
  DeKay. 
  Zool. 
  N. 
  Y. 
  1844. 
  pt 
  2, 
  p. 
  336, 
  fig. 
  242 
  

   Oidemia 
  americana 
  A. 
  O. 
  tl. 
  Check 
  List. 
  Ed. 
  2. 
  1895. 
  No. 
  163 
  

  

  oide'mia, 
  Gr. 
  oi8rjfj.a, 
  Lat. 
  oedema, 
  swelling, 
  referring 
  to 
  the 
  knob 
  on 
  the 
  bill 
  

  

  Description. 
  Adult 
  male: 
  Bill 
  much 
  swollen 
  on 
  top 
  at 
  the 
  base, 
  this 
  

   whole 
  knob 
  and 
  the 
  basal 
  half 
  of 
  the 
  upper 
  mandible 
  yellow, 
  or 
  yellowish 
  

   orange, 
  the 
  rest 
  including 
  the 
  edges 
  black; 
  whole 
  plumage 
  black. 
  Adult 
  

   female: 
  Dark 
  grayish 
  brown, 
  under 
  parts 
  lighter; 
  side 
  and 
  under 
  parts 
  of 
  

   head 
  light 
  grayish, 
  contrasted 
  with 
  the 
  dark 
  brown 
  of 
  the 
  top 
  and 
  back 
  

   of 
  the 
  head; 
  bill 
  blackish. 
  Young: 
  Similar 
  to 
  female 
  but 
  lighter 
  beneath, 
  

   the 
  belly 
  obscurely 
  barred 
  with 
  grayish 
  brown. 
  

  

  Length 
  17-22 
  inches; 
  wing 
  8.75-9.5; 
  tarsus 
  1.7; 
  bill, 
  culmen 
  1.65- 
  

   1.8, 
  depth 
  of 
  upper 
  mandible 
  at 
  base, 
  male 
  .85-95, 
  female 
  .7; 
  tarsus 
  1.75; 
  

   middle 
  toe 
  and 
  claw 
  3.25. 
  

  

  Distinctive 
  marks. 
  Among 
  our 
  other 
  scoters 
  this 
  species 
  may 
  be 
  

   recognized 
  by 
  the 
  -uniform 
  black 
  color 
  of 
  the 
  male; 
  the 
  frontal 
  feathers 
  

   do 
  not 
  encroach 
  upon 
  the 
  bill 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  other 
  species; 
  tail 
  i6-feathered; 
  

   the 
  females 
  and 
  young 
  by 
  the 
  unifomi 
  light 
  grayish 
  brown 
  or 
  dingy 
  whitish 
  

   color 
  of 
  the 
  cheeks, 
  whereas 
  the 
  female 
  Surf 
  scoter 
  has 
  two 
  whitish 
  patches 
  

   on 
  the 
  sides 
  of 
  the 
  head 
  and 
  is 
  a 
  larger 
  bird, 
  but 
  the 
  females 
  and 
  young 
  of 
  

   these 
  two 
  species 
  can 
  not 
  be 
  recognized 
  at 
  a 
  distance. 
  

  

  