﻿BIRDS 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  357 
  

  

  This 
  species 
  can 
  be 
  regarded 
  only 
  as 
  an 
  accidental 
  summer 
  visitant 
  on 
  

   our 
  shores. 
  It 
  is 
  a 
  maritime 
  species, 
  inhabiting 
  the 
  coast 
  of 
  America 
  from 
  

   Long 
  Island 
  and 
  southern 
  California 
  to 
  Peru 
  and 
  Brazil. 
  

  

  Family 
  -A-REM 
  A.RIID 
  AE 
  

  

  Turnstones 
  

  

  Bill 
  shorter 
  than 
  head, 
  constricted 
  at 
  base, 
  somewhat 
  concave 
  above 
  

   the 
  nostrils, 
  slightly 
  bent 
  up, 
  and 
  tapering 
  from 
  the 
  middle 
  to 
  a 
  rather 
  

   sharp 
  point; 
  nasal 
  groove 
  broad 
  and 
  shallow, 
  similar 
  to 
  plover; 
  legs 
  rather 
  

   short 
  and 
  stout, 
  scutellate 
  in 
  front; 
  toes 
  free, 
  very 
  narrowly 
  margined, 
  

   the 
  hallux 
  large 
  for 
  this 
  order, 
  reaching 
  the 
  ground 
  ; 
  wings 
  long 
  and 
  pointed 
  ; 
  

   tail 
  short, 
  slightly 
  rounded; 
  plumage 
  pied 
  or 
  somber. 
  

  

  The 
  tumstones 
  are 
  a 
  family 
  of 
  three 
  or 
  four 
  species, 
  evidently 
  related 
  

   to 
  plovers 
  and 
  oyster 
  catchers. 
  Our 
  single 
  species 
  and 
  its 
  European 
  

   representative 
  are 
  of 
  holarctic 
  distribution 
  and 
  perform 
  extensive 
  migra- 
  

   tions. 
  Their 
  common 
  and 
  scientific 
  names 
  refer 
  to 
  the 
  habit 
  of 
  turning 
  

   over 
  stones 
  in 
  search 
  of 
  insects 
  for 
  which 
  occupation 
  their 
  bill 
  is 
  admirably 
  

   fitted. 
  

  

  Arenaria 
  interpres 
  morinella 
  (Linnaeus) 
  

  

  (Arenaria 
  morinella 
  on 
  plate) 
  

  

  Ruddy 
  Turnstone 
  

  

  Plate 
  33 
  

  

  Tringa 
  interpres 
  Linnaeus. 
  Syst. 
  Nat. 
  Ed. 
  lo. 
  1758. 
  1:148. 
  (Part) 
  

   Strepsilas 
  interpres 
  DeKay. 
  Zool. 
  N. 
  Y. 
  1844. 
  pt 
  2, 
  p. 
  216, 
  fig. 
  182 
  

   Arenaria 
  interpres 
  A. 
  O. 
  U. 
  Check 
  List. 
  1895. 
  No. 
  283 
  

  

  arend'ria, 
  Lat., 
  pertaining 
  to 
  sand; 
  inter' 
  pres, 
  Lat., 
  interpreter 
  

  

  Description. 
  Upper 
  parts 
  varied 
  with 
  chestnut 
  or 
  bright 
  rufous, 
  black 
  

   and 
  white; 
  top 
  of 
  head 
  buffy 
  white 
  streaked 
  with 
  blackish, 
  remainder 
  of 
  

   head, 
  neck 
  and 
  forebreast 
  pied 
  black 
  and 
  white, 
  black 
  predominating 
  on 
  the 
  

   chest 
  and 
  extending 
  down 
  the 
  sides 
  of 
  breast; 
  rest 
  of 
  under 
  parts, 
  lower 
  

   back, 
  and 
  longer 
  tail 
  coverts 
  white; 
  subterminal 
  zone 
  of 
  the 
  tail 
  black; 
  base 
  

   and 
  narrow 
  tip 
  of 
  tail 
  white; 
  primaries 
  blackish, 
  white 
  toward 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  

   middle 
  web; 
  inner 
  secondaries 
  white; 
  greater 
  coverts 
  tipped 
  with 
  white; 
  

   bill 
  black; 
  feet 
  orange-red. 
  Female: 
  Similar, 
  but 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  rufous 
  

   replaced 
  with 
  grayish 
  brown, 
  the 
  black 
  less 
  intense. 
  Winter 
  and 
  young: 
  

   The 
  chestnut 
  wanting, 
  and 
  the 
  black 
  mostly 
  replaced 
  by 
  brown 
  and 
  gray. 
  

  

  Length 
  8.5-9.8 
  inches; 
  extent 
  16-19.25; 
  wing 
  5.5-6; 
  tail 
  2.6; 
  tarsus 
  i; 
  

   middle 
  toe 
  and 
  claw 
  i-i.i; 
  bill 
  .8-. 
  9. 
  

  

  