﻿BIRDS 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  377 
  

  

  the 
  scrub 
  oaks 
  and 
  pine 
  barrens 
  of 
  Long 
  Island, 
  but 
  was 
  "very 
  nearly 
  if 
  

   not 
  entirely 
  extinct," 
  in 
  1844, 
  according 
  to 
  Giraud. 
  The 
  last 
  specimen 
  

   recorded 
  from 
  the 
  State 
  was 
  shot 
  at 
  Comae 
  Hills, 
  in 
  1836 
  [see 
  Dutcher, 
  Auk, 
  

   10:272]. 
  In 
  early 
  colonial 
  days 
  it 
  evidently 
  was 
  well 
  distributed 
  in 
  south- 
  

   eastern 
  and 
  eastern 
  New 
  York, 
  for 
  DeVries 
  and 
  Megapolensis 
  speak 
  of 
  it 
  

   as 
  common 
  at 
  New 
  Amsterdam 
  and 
  Fort 
  Orange 
  (Albany) 
  in 
  1639 
  [see 
  N. 
  Y. 
  

   Hist. 
  Soc. 
  Coll. 
  Ser. 
  2, 
  3, 
  90, 
  150; 
  also 
  Munsell, 
  Annals 
  of 
  Albany, 
  9:126]. 
  

   By 
  intelligent 
  and 
  persistent 
  effort 
  this 
  fine 
  bird 
  could 
  be 
  reestablished 
  

   on 
  the 
  plains 
  of 
  eastern 
  Long 
  Island. 
  

  

  Lyrurus 
  tetrix 
  (Linnaeus) 
  

  

  Black 
  Grouse 
  

  

  Description. 
  Male: 
  Black 
  with 
  violet 
  reflections, 
  lower 
  tail 
  coverts, 
  broad 
  band 
  in 
  wing, 
  

   tips 
  of 
  secondaries 
  and 
  small 
  spot 
  below 
  the 
  eye, 
  white; 
  naked 
  eyebrow 
  vermilion; 
  tail 
  lyre-shaped; 
  

   feet 
  feathered 
  to 
  the 
  toes. 
  Length 
  23 
  inches. 
  Female: 
  Above 
  barred 
  with 
  rusty 
  red 
  and 
  black; 
  

   below 
  dusky 
  barred 
  with 
  red 
  and 
  whitish; 
  tail 
  emarginate, 
  but 
  not 
  strikingly 
  lyre-shaped. 
  

  

  The 
  Black 
  grouse, 
  Black 
  cock 
  or 
  Black 
  game 
  has 
  been 
  imported 
  and 
  liberated 
  in 
  the 
  Adiron- 
  

   dacks, 
  especially 
  on 
  the 
  preserves 
  of 
  Edward 
  H. 
  Litchfield 
  at 
  Tupper 
  lake. 
  There 
  seems 
  no 
  reason 
  

   why 
  this 
  fine 
  grouse 
  should 
  not 
  thrive 
  in 
  the 
  North 
  Woods, 
  if 
  protected 
  and 
  reinforced 
  occasionally 
  

   by 
  fresh 
  stock 
  until 
  it 
  is 
  well 
  established. 
  

  

  Tetrao 
  urogallus 
  Linnaeus 
  

  

  CapercailUc 
  or 
  Capercailzie 
  

  

  Description. 
  Male: 
  Head 
  and 
  neck 
  dusky; 
  wings 
  brown 
  speckled 
  with 
  black; 
  tail 
  and 
  belly 
  

   black 
  spotted 
  with 
  white; 
  breast 
  lustrous 
  green; 
  rump 
  and 
  flanks 
  ashy, 
  undulated 
  with 
  black; 
  throat 
  

   feathers 
  elongated 
  into 
  a 
  black 
  beard; 
  bare 
  eyebrows 
  red. 
  Length 
  34 
  inches; 
  weight 
  8 
  to 
  1 
  1 
  lbs. 
  

   Female: 
  One 
  third 
  smaller; 
  barred 
  and 
  spotted 
  with 
  tawny 
  red, 
  black, 
  and 
  white; 
  breast 
  dark 
  red; 
  

   weight 
  44 
  pounds. 
  

  

  This 
  magnificent 
  grouse, 
  like 
  the 
  Black 
  cock, 
  inhabits 
  Europe 
  and 
  North 
  and 
  Central 
  Asia, 
  

   being 
  confined 
  to 
  the 
  pine 
  or 
  evergreen 
  forests 
  of 
  the 
  north 
  or 
  the 
  mountains 
  of 
  the 
  more 
  temperate 
  

   countries 
  as 
  far 
  south 
  as 
  northern 
  Greece 
  and 
  Spain. 
  Its 
  food 
  consists 
  of 
  tender 
  shoots 
  of 
  the 
  fir, 
  

   buds 
  of 
  other 
  trees, 
  berries 
  and 
  seeds. 
  It 
  has 
  recently 
  been 
  introduced 
  and 
  is 
  apparently 
  established 
  

   in 
  the 
  Algonquin 
  Park 
  of 
  Canada, 
  and 
  in 
  1905 
  and 
  1906 
  was 
  liberated 
  in 
  Mr 
  Litchfield's 
  Adirondack 
  

   preserve, 
  where 
  it 
  ought 
  to 
  thrive. 
  

  

  Family 
  PH 
  ASI 
  ANIDAE 
  

  

  As 
  defined 
  by 
  Ogilvie 
  Grant 
  and 
  as 
  used 
  by 
  Sharpe 
  in 
  his 
  Hand-List 
  of 
  Birds, 
  this 
  family 
  includes 
  

   the 
  true 
  partridges 
  and 
  quails 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  the 
  pheasants 
  and 
  their 
  immediate 
  allies, 
  not 
  even 
  sub- 
  

   families 
  Perdicinae 
  and 
  Phasianinae 
  being 
  recognized. 
  The 
  family 
  characters 
  as 
  distinguished 
  from 
  

   other 
  gallinaceous 
  birds 
  are: 
  tarsi 
  and 
  toes 
  bare, 
  claws 
  well 
  developed 
  for 
  scratching, 
  nasal 
  fossae 
  

   uncovered, 
  plumage 
  dry 
  and 
  hard. 
  In 
  this 
  family 
  are 
  found 
  many 
  of 
  the 
  best 
  known 
  and 
  most 
  

   valuable 
  of 
  birds, 
  including 
  the 
  barnyard 
  fowl, 
  which, 
  in 
  its 
  multiplicity 
  of 
  forms, 
  has 
  descended 
  

  

  