BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 463 



dredged in 1 to 1 9 fathoms attached to stones. It is a very common epiphyte on Chorda, 

 Chondrus, and Phyllophora, and on Zosiera. The species is present in both the cool 

 and warm-water sublittoral formations. 



Ceramium fastigiatum is frequently abundant on Zostera and on larger algae, such as 

 Phyllophora, and sometimes on stones; it was dredged in 2 to 7 fathoms. Ceramium 

 strictum and C. tenuis simum are also common on Zostera and on larger algae, and occa- 

 sionally on stones; they were dredged in 2 to 15 fathoms. These three species have a 

 scattered and probably wide distribution in sheltered regions of the Bay and Sound, 

 but are not present in abundance; they belong to the warm-water sublittoral forma- 

 tion (b). 



(34) THE GRIFFITHSIA ASSOCIATIONS. 



Griffithsia Bometiana is common in the summer in the more sheltered portions of the 

 Bay and Sound (chart 241 ). The species is an epiphyte on larger algae, such as Chondrus 

 and Phyllophora, and was dredged in 2 to 15 fathoms (most plentiful between 3 and 6 

 fathoms); it is a conspicuous member of the warm-water sublittoral formation (b). 



Griffithsia tenuis has a distribution restricted to the extreme upper portion of 

 Buzzards Bay (chart 242), where it may be found in large patches loosely attached over 

 sandy and muddy bottoms in 2 to 4 fathoms. It is a striking species in these sheltered 

 regions (that support comparatively little algal vegetation), evidently preferring warm 

 waters. 



(35) THE PLUMARIA ASSOCIATION. 



Plumaria elegans is restricted to exposed situations, such as Gay Head and Sow and 

 Pigs (chart 243). There it is abundant as an epiphyte on Chondrus and Phyllophora 

 over sandy and stony bottoms in 3 to 17 fathoms. It is one of the most characteristic 

 species of the cool-water sublittoral formation (a). 



(36) THE SEIROSPORA ASSOCIATION. 



Seirospora Griffithsiana is sometimes very common on stones, shells, Zostera, and 

 larger algae in 3 to 10 fathoms. It has a scattered distribution in both Bay and Sound, 

 and is frequently present in the warm- water sublittoral formation (b). 



(37) THE SPERMOTHAMNION ASSOCIATION. 



Spermothamnion Turneri is very abundant as an epiphyte on such algae as Chondrus, 

 Phyllophora, and Polyides in 1 to 17 fathoms, over sandy, shelly, stony, and muddy 

 bottoms. It is distributed widely in the Bay and Sound (chart 244) and is present in 

 both the cool- and warm-water sublittoral formations. 



(38) THE SPYRIDIA ASSOCIATIONS. 



Spyridia filamentosa is very widely distributed in both Bay and Sound (chart 245) ; 

 it is found on stones and shells, frequently over muddy bottoms, and on Zostera and 

 larger algae, and was dredged in 3 to 15 fathoms (most plentiful in 4 to 10 fathoms). 

 The species is a characteristic member of the warm- water sublittoral formation (b). 



