IN THE UNITED KINGDOM AND FRANCE. 15 



hinch, Clifden, Killery, Ballinakill, Clew Bay, Sligo, Lough 

 Swilly, Lough Foyle, Belfast Lough, Carlingford Lough. 



For partly Natural and partly Artificial. 



France. — Arcachon, La Teste, Re, Chattellalion, Auray, Con- 

 carneau. 



England. — Whitstable, Faversham, Heme Bay, Paglesham, 

 Colchester, Ipswich, Harwich, Brading, Cowes, Newtown, Hamble. 



Ireland. — Queenstown Island, Cork, Fota Island, Sneem, Ken- 

 mare, Kilrush, Clonderlaw Bay, Kinvarra (Burrane), Ballinahinch, 

 Clifden, Clew Bay, Sligo, Lough Swilly, and Carlingford Lough. 



For Foreshore Cultivation. 



France. — Re, Oleron, Arcachon, La Tremblade, Marennes, 

 Chatellalion, Auray. 

 England. — None. 

 Ireland. — East Ferry, Queenstown Island, Shannon. 



Enclosures. 



France. — Regneville — for breeding. Marennes, La Tremblade, 

 Re, Oleron — for fattening. 



England. — Hayling, Brading, Cowes, Newton, Lymington, 

 Heme Bay, Nacton, Fagborough, New Brompton. 



Ireland. — Derreen, Tramore, Shannon, Lough Swilly, Sneem, 

 Carrig Island. 



Owing to the great scarcity of oysters which had arisen, con- 

 siderable efforts were made in France and England, especially the 

 former, to promote the production of oysters by artificial means. 

 As the earlier stepsfor that object were taken in France, it is deemed 

 best in the first instance to give a sketch of the measures adopted 

 there for the preservation and restocking of the public oyster 

 grounds, the system of artificial cultivation, and the Government 

 regulations with respect to this branch of the fisheries. 



The chief sources of oyster supply in France are, first — the 

 deep sea natural beds in international waters, the fishing of which 

 is regulated by the convention between England and France {see 

 Appendix A), extending with more or less perfect continuity from 

 Nordenaye on the Hanoverian coast to Brest. 



The beds which give their names to the best known varieties 

 are those of St. Valery, Fecamp, Cape Le Heve, and Calvados ; 

 the remainder, which exist more in mid-channel, being comprised 

 under the general name of " Channellers." 



The banks exclusively French within the three-mile limit are 

 mentioned above. 



The process of collecting oyster spat on stones, &c, has been 

 practised at the Isle of Oleron for upwards of half a century 

 without attracting much attention, a fact which has not been pre- 

 viously noticed by any of the writers upon oyster culture, it having 

 been erroneously supposed to have originated at the He de Re, 

 whereas the pare* system which Hyacinthe Bceuf introduced into 

 that island was but a modification of the system followed at Oleron. 



Boeuf's discovery is said to have been altogether accidental, 



* For engraving of a pare see p. 24. 



