70 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. [68] 



The cylinder may low be placed iu the frames t, the valve stems I 

 connected with the shafts h, and the cylinder seemed in |)lace by the 

 clamps u and the pins v (Plate XXXV11). The valves should then be 

 opened inwards to their full extent by means of the milled head at k. 

 Secure the bottle to the rope by the clamps c (Plate XXXV), with the 

 expansion chamber pointing upwards, and it will be in readiness 

 for use. 



TO OBTAIN A SPECIMEN OF WATER. 



The dredge rope is used, having a sinker weighing 150 pounds. 

 The apparatus being clamped to the rope a few fathoms above the 

 sinker, lower away as rapidly as desired to the intended depth, and in 

 case of temperature instruments not having been sent down, reel in at 

 once. 



The propellers now being brought into action soon close the valves. 



The internal pressure which takes place as the apparatus ascends is 

 relieved by the expansion chamber d. As soon as the bottle reaches 

 the surface the valves are keyed to their seats through slots iu the 

 valve stems /. The cylinder is then removed from the frame and stowed 

 in some cool place iu a vertical position until such time as it can be 

 delivered to the laboratory. 



A vertical position is recommended in order to retain water on both 

 sides of the piston in the expansion chamber to avoid possible drying 

 and shrinkage of the packing. 



TAKING CARE OF THE BOTTLE. 



The water specimen having been procured and the cylinder removed, 

 rinse the frame in fresh water and wipe it dry. Remove the set screws 

 q and the shafts /<-, wipe them dry, and put a little oil on the screw 

 threads. 



Unscrew the sleeves i from the hubs of the propellers, wipe them dry 

 inside and out, and oil them ; wipe the propellers dry also and oil the 

 inside of the hubs. Oil should be used sparingly, taking care that it 

 does not drip into the cylinder. 



Having cleaned and oiled the parts put them together and stow the 

 frame in its packing box, which should be kept in a dry place. 



As soon as the specimen has been removed from the bottle the latter 

 should be rinsed in fresh water, the valve seats unscrewed, and the cyl- 

 inder with its attachments carefully cleaned and dried as directed in its 

 preparation for use. After the parts are put together clamp the bottle 

 iu the frame. Oil should never be used on the cylinder or its attach- 

 ments. 



ORIGIN OF THE IMPROVED WATER BOTTLE. 



This water bottle as figured is the joint production of Dr. J. H. Kid- 

 der, of the United States Fish Commission ; Surgeon J. M. Flint, United 

 States Xavy, attached to the United States Fish Commission steamer 

 Albatross ; and the writer. 



