av: 
Sg mmm 
THE NEAREST ALLIES OF THE HORSE. 87 
8. Equus onacur (Pallas); Asinus onager: As. indicus (Sclater) ; 
Hq. hemionus of India (Auct) ; ghorkur, Asiatic wild ass of Cutch, 
As. sylvestris (Pliny) ; As. hemionus (Gray); gour (Persian); Hq. 
khur (Lesson) ; mistakenly koulan. 
Mane and tail—Tail tuft short; mane blackish brown. Mane hog 
and scanty. 
Horny appendages—Ergot patches of thin horn on all four limbs; 
chestnuts 8 in. by 2 in., thin horny patches ; no castors. 
Colour —Pale isabella or sandy above with slight but distinct ru- 
fescent tinge (Jerdon).. Lower half of muzzle, lower part of neck, 
along each side of dorsal stripe along back, under belly, back of fore 
limbs, round the front and outside of the elbows, front of the hind 
limbs to the hock, and back.of the limbs to the hamstring white. 
(Mare in Jodhpur Collection, 1887.) 
Female in Victoria Gardens.—Muzzle and lower parts of body 
and limbs white; slight zebra marks, both knees; large chestnut 
horny patches; general colour rufous or isabella; tip of ears and 
outer side of hind margin brown; mane upright, brown, decreases 
from poll backwards; dorsal stripe zigzag between withers, very 
wide to croup, along back and loins, narrowing on tail, and does not 
run totuft, but terminates about half way. 
Markings—Dorsal stripe chocolate brown: very broad at com- 
mencement of croup, grows gradually narrow towards the mane, runs 
to tail tuft (Mare in Jodhpur Collection, 887). Colour extends 
slightly down outside of shoulder; sometimes double cross stripe 
(Jerdon). Zebra marks on hocks posteriorly in female, zigzag 
markings from stifle to below hock on outer side of limbs and from 
outside of elbow to below knee in forelimb in male (Jodhpore 
Collection). Limbs faintly barred, now and then strongly so; 
narrow dark ring over hoof (Jerdon). Aebra marks on shoulder 
in adult and still more in foal (Walker). 
Size——11 to 12 hands. 
Habits—Shy, difficult to approach; of great speed; lives in 
troops each under a leader, on the plains in winter and mountains in 
Summer. Bikaneer herd of about 150; foaling in June, July, and 
August. 
Voice—* A shrieking bray” (Blyth), or like that of a mule 
(Tytler). ane 
Hars—Sandy externally, white internally, with black tip and 
outer border; longish (Jerdon), Certainly brownat tips in Jodhpur 
