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THE NEAREST ALLIES OF THE HORSE. 91 
7. Equus quacca (Linneus): As. quagga; ‘ Female zebra” 
(Edwardes) ; Hippotigris quagga (H. Smith); Hipp. isabellinus 
(H. Smith); Ane isabelle (Le Vaillant). The quagga is the bravest 
of equines, and so was occasionally domesticated by the Boers to be 
turned out with the horses at night to protect the latter from pre- 
datory beasts on which the quagga springs, beats them to the ground 
with forehoofs, and tramples them to death (Nott). 
Mane and tail—Hair extends nearer to base of tail than in other 
equines, except horses (Lesson). Hog mane, banded alternately 
brown and white; tail white. 
Horny appendages—No castors—hoofs slightly concave beneath 
and broader than in zebra. “ A foot which might serve as a model 
to a veterinary student” (Harris). 
Colour—Upper parts of hide rufous brown; lower parts of body 
white ; legs white; stripes on forehead and temples longitudinal, and 
on cheeks with narrow transversal stripes forming lineal triangular 
ficures between eyes and mouth. 
Markings—Stripes to centre of shoulder and back; stripes not so 
deep in colour as those of zebra. Muzzle black. Dorsal line dark 
and broad, widening over croup. 
Size—18 to 18°2 hands, about 6 inches longer than that of true 
zebra (Nott) : (8ft. 6in. long). 
Habits—Courageous, sociable, peaceable, found in immense herds 
in the open plains, travels in long files of many hundreds, parallel 
with caravans (Harris). Is not seen north of the Vaal, and is 
vanishing before civilization. Seems remarkably fond of the 
brindled enu and ostrich, which graze with it, but does not mix with 
its own more clegant congeners (Harris). Form compact, body 
round, limbs robust, clean, and sinewy, with pace low and 
laboured. 
Voice—Like the bark of a dog, a shrill barking neigh, which its 
name well imitates. 
Ears-—Hquine. Flesh disgustingly oily and yellow. 
Head and neck —Very large, which increases the apparent size of 
the animal. 
Remarks—Buckley considers that now the Burchell’s zebra is 
generally called the quagga, and Harris’ quagga must have become 
extinct, The zebras of all three kinds have been shot extensively, 
because their hide forms good connecting bands for machinery. 
Less fierce in disposition than the zebras and ‘of the whole family 
