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94, BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY SOCINTY, 
veloped in the male, and it is decidedly ornamental, whether as the 
long flowing manelocks of the horse or the smart hogged append- 
age seen in the other forms. It may be uniform in colour, is 
generally darker than the rest of the body, or banded in accordance 
with the striped condition of the neck; the bands may be black or 
brown ; long hairs also grow on the tail, rendering it a beautiful 
appendage and useful fly-flapper. Here also the horse has the 
advantage, the hair being long and flowing, covering the whole of 
the tip and outer part of the stump. Barchell’s zebra and the 
quagga have the equine form of tail, but the capillary arrangement 
is less striking. The other equines resemble the ass, in that the 
long hairs are developed on the end of the stump as a tail tuft 
resembling that seen in some ruminants. In the zebra the tip of 
the tail is black and the rest white. Asa rule, the organ is darker 
in colour than the rest of the body. 
Of horny appendages, the hoofs vary in broadness and concavity of 
sole, a point which seems to be much determined by, and to indi- 
cate, the habit of the animal. Thus mountainous and sure-footed 
equines have mule feet, t.e., hoofs upright, narrow, and hollow- 
soled, as seen in the ass and zebra. Castors are absent in all forms 
except caballus, but we have no distinct evidence as to whether 
they are present or absent in the kiang: it seems they are some- 
times not found in true horses. On the other hand, the chestnuts 
and ergots seem present in all species; in the horse they are hard 
and strong, inthe onager they are wide and soft horny patches. 
Ergots may be absent, certainly in bigh-bred horses. 
The colour varies from black to white, no rule can be given except 
that the wild forms tend to sandy or rufous tint with lighter shades 
of the lower parts of the body and insides of the limbs, also darker 
“points,” 2.¢., muzzle, mane, tail, and legs, Domestication tends 
to great variety in colour. 
Markings attain their hightest development in the zebra as (a) 
dorsal line from mane to tail of dark colour (black or brown) ; (d) 
vertical body lines, of which the most persistent are those on the 
centre of the shoulders, which are wide and forked at their free 
ends, others are parallel with the branches of the forks; and (c) 
the horizontal bands of the limbs. These markings reappear more 
or less in all forms, the most frequent and constant being the dorsal 
stripe or list, found asa characteristic even in some breeds of horses. 
\t A cm i. vee " 
Not much less frequent are shoulder stripes, and even the zebra 
