Xx INTRODUCTORY. 
Jfera), kwam-thi (1 or 2 species of Areca), yingan (Zalacca Walli- 
chit), minbo (Caryota sobolifera), tsaloo ben (Licuala peltata), and more 
especially dhanoung (Calamus arborescens) and theing (Calamus 
erectus). Ferns of various sorts and Scitaminee@ and numerous other 
herbs, but hardly any grasses, mat the ground in places where the 
jungle is not too dark. 
In some tracts, especially in the larger valleys of the eastern slopes 
of the Pegu Yomah, tropical and mixed forest become to a certain 
degree fused, and form a more open but high-grown forest. Owing 
to the free access of light, the ground becomes here overrun with 
Acanthacea, Clerodendron, kadoo (Blumea), and other composite, kat- 
say-nai (Szda),—in short, with such herbage as we find again in the 
lower mixed forests. This sort of forest, which I distinguished as 
OPEN TROPICAL FOREST, is merely a slight variety of the tropical 
a numerous small trees peculiar to this region 
soil-clothing, too, is different from that below. On the other hand 
many numerously represented in the hot low-lands disappear 
now al ner me very scarce. = rincipally mem- 
1. Damp hill forests, already treated above. 
2. Drier hill forests. 
