a Ce ee ee ee 
a ee . 
a ak i oe A a 
SESS we i co ecg Sain Lae a alle i ll 
es 
: 
: 
3 
_ quite dwarfed and red 
INTRODUCTORY. XX1 
Further study of the hill forests may likely cause a further 
sub-division, but for the present purpose I may restrict them to 
these three varieties only. 
These drier hillforests form the nearest approach to the tem- 
perate forests of our northern zone, and many an old acquaintance ~ 
(although specifically different) is met with in them. The trees 
are for the greatest part still evergreens, in which respect they 
differ greatly from the true temperate forests (which occur also on 
the higher Alps of India, as on the Himalaya, above 8,000 to 9,000 
feet elevation). In aspect they agree with the forests found on the hills 
of Southern Europe, but are much more damp, and consist of 
a far greater variety of trees much clothed with epiphytical plants. 
The demarcation, however, of this kind of forest with the neigh- 
bouring damp hill forests, and of this last variety with the tropical 
Garcinia ano Pithecolobium montanum, bo-mai-za (Albizzia 
stipulata) ascended from below, Dillenia aurea, Wendlandia ligus- 
trina, a few araliaceous trees, chiefly Heptapleurum, ete. - 
ty 
and a climbing Plectocomia ascends up to 7,000 feet elevation. 
i a berry-bearing half-scandent kind 
the exposed slopes. One or two kinds of violet, too, are freque: ss 4 
met with along choungs in the valleys. Epiphytes, orchids as well 
as ferns, Cyrtandracea, ete., interwoven with mosses and lichens, 
cloth the branches. — 
Along the more exposed ridges and unfavourably exposed slopes, 
these forests become quite stunted and the tree-stems gnarled, and — 
form then the variety called stUNTED HILL FORESTS. They form the 
upper limit of the hill forests in Burma, where (for example, below — 
the top of the Nattoung) the Arundinarias and Rhododendra become 
The PINE FORESTS are either quite or nearly free of leafed — : 
