: 
3 
. 
: 
} 
. 
nzoh or briefly = 
} @. €., deserted culture-land. Week herbs of calévention, Chilly Sie int : 
soon must give way to coarse grasses and shrubs, ee — : 
INTRODUCTORY. XXX 
APPENDIX. 
1, Bamsoo sunGLEs and saAvANNAHS.—These two varieties can 
hardly be reckoned amongst forests, although they certainly may 
be claimed as forest land, being the undergrowth of them 
The BAMBOO JUNGLES are characterised by the great uniformity 
of their aspect and by the poorness of their undergrowth, no doubt 
caused by the dense and injurious shade which the bamboo spreads all 
round. Seldom do we find more than two different kinds of bam 
in the same jungle ; they may therefore be best distinguished by the 
kind of bamboo of which they consist. So we have in Burma jungles 
of myinwa (Dendrocalamus strictus), tin-wa (Caphaleataclgpads per- 
gracile) , kyattoun-wa (Bambusa polymorpha), wapyoo-gelay (Giganto- 
chloa albo-ciliata) , or wa-ta-bwot (Pseudostachyum Helferi), and 
others. Kyakatwa (Bambusa arundinacea) jungles are found often 
in the alluvial plains near larger rivers. These bamboos flower all 
simultaneously after a lapse of years, and-then die off. Then 
numerous light-loving plants and shrubs and also tree seedlin 
spring up, and it is at such periods that one cannot predict with 
any certainty whether the next generation wil again a pure 
bamboo jungle, or whether the saplings of the trees will not get 
the supremacy, keeping down the young bamboo as nreere gpone: 
€ SAVANNAHS are the undergrowth of the savannah fores 
and as such do not differ from these inany point except that ei 
are void, or nearly void, of trees. They seem to owe their — 
chiefly to in undation—at least their distribution along 
pretty well coincides with the area of regular inundation Gana 
the rains. The grasses are all coarse ones,—so coarse, indeed, that 
the halms of some become as woody as those of certain small _bam- 
are the principal constituents, intermixed with Eragrostis procera, 
2, etc. 
2, DESERTED TOUNGYAS or POONZOHS ——Large tracts of forests 
are yearly felled by the natives for the cultivation of rice. A 
soon as the harvest of the first, second, or third year is we Pe bars 
lands are deserted and form toungya poonz 
Composite, sy Sagan ete., spring up in dense masses, which 
