4 8 
FLOWERS OF GARDEN AND GREENHOUSE 
varieties known as Brompton Stocks and Queen Stocks, We have 
another native species, M. sinuata , the Great Sea Stock, now restricted 
to the seashores of Wales, Devon, Ireland (South-East and South-West), 
and the Channel Islands. M. annua, the Ten-week Stock, was introduced 
from South Europe in 1731. M. odoratissima, a very fragrant, ever¬ 
green species, came from Persia in 1795. M. fenestralis, which was 
introduced from Crete in 1759, is the Great Cape Stock, and believed by 
some authorities to be a mere form of incana. M. grceca, from South 
Europe, is the parent of the Wallflower-leaved Stocks, and probably only 
a form of incana. The gardeners of a hundred years ago called these 
plants Stock Gilliflowers, and regarded them botanically as of the same 
genus as the Wallflower ( Cheiranthuc ), with which they also associated 
the Virginian Stock ( Malcolmia ). 
Species Matthiola annua (annual). 1 to 2 feet; with blunt- 
pointed, lance-shaped, hoary leaves, a smooth upright stem, 
branching upwards into a bushy head and numerous racemes of purple, 
crimson, lilac, and white flowers. 
M. FENESTRALIS (window). 1 foot ; with crowded downy leaves, the 
edges rolled backward; flowers crimson or pale purple; July and August; 
stem erect, unbranched, sub-shrubby. 
M. incana (hoary). 1 to 3 feet; a sub-shrubby biennial, with lance¬ 
shaped hoary leaves, and large white, crimson, or purple, double or single 
flowers, summer and autumn. 
Garden Varieties The above are the principal species from the horticul¬ 
turist’s point of view, as the parents of the garden varieties. 
The latter may be divided into two great sections—Summer Stocks and 
Winter Stocks, these terms implying that the first section are annuals, 
blooming their first summer; the second, biennials, blooming after their 
first winter. 
Summer Stocks include the many varieties of Ten-Week Stock 
and the hybrids most nearly approaching it They are almost without 
number, and it is unnecessary to give a selection of names, for they are 
almost without exception good, flowering profusely and sweet-scented. 
Most of the seed is raised on the Continent, where the cultivation of the 
Stock is an important branch of horticultural industry, and special 
attention has been paid to getting seeds that will produce a very high 
percentage of double-blooms. Summer Stocks are not so suitable for 
pot cultivation as for beds and borders. 
Winter Stocks. Under this head are classed the Brompton, the 
Perpetual, the Giant Cape, the Intermediate, and the East Lothian Stocks. 
The Brompton are very robust, branching Stocks, well-suited for “ bedding 
