FLOWERS OF GARDEN AND GREENHOUSE 
the soil that suits them best, and during hot weather they should receive 
a mulching with well-rotted short manure, to keep the soil cool and 
prevent excessive evaporation. The young runners should be nipped 
off as soon as they appear, unless they are required for propagation; in 
that case not more than three should be left on a plant, and these should 
be pegged down. For winter flowering they are grown in frames or 
pits. These should have a south aspect, and be filled to a depth of half 
a foot with a mixture of leaf-mould and stable manure. The plants 
should be put in during the latter half of September, and well-watered; 
then the frames should be kept closed for a week, after which period 
the lights should be removed during mild weather and sunshine. Among 
the best varieties for this treatment are Comte Brazza, Marie Louise, 
and Neapolitan, all doubles. They will flower from November till 
April. The best method for the propagation of Pansies and Bedding 
Violas is to take off the side-shoots from the old plants, with the roots 
just pushing out. These, taken off late in summer and inserted in a 
north border, in sandy soil, soon become well-rooted, and may be planted 
out the same autumn to bloom early in the following season. Should 
the variety it is desired to increase be one that produces side shoots 
shyly, recourse must be had to the layering process, or cuttings may be 
taken from the stems. In August or September the old plants may be 
taken up, and the division of their roots will give you a larger number 
of already rooted planta Provided Pansies are planted in a cool, moist, 
but well-drained position, they will do well in most soils; but for 
keeping up a profusion of large blooms, a border should be specially 
prepared by digging in to a good depth fibrous loam, road-scrapings, 
and well-rotted cow-manure. The roots, too, should be placed in the 
ground as deeply as possible without crowding them together ; and in 
the flowering season the surface should be protected by mulchings. 
Spring planting should be done at the end of February or beginning of 
March, or the plants will be insufficiently established when the hot 
weather cornea The popular bedding varieties are increased by means 
of cuttings taken off in August and September and planted in light 
sandy soil on the north side of a hedge or wall. They are covered with 
hand-lights or cloches, and kept close and moist till they are rooted and 
start into growth. 
Description of V. odorata var. parmensis is shown in Plate 32; 
Plates 32 and 33. jr tricolor var. maxima in Plate 33. In the latter, which 
is not intended to represent the enormous Show varieties, an attempt 
is made to give an idea of the way in which a few colours are variously 
