T. Coan on recent volcanic disturbances of Hawaii. 93 
water, boulders, rocks, lavas long buried, trees, logs, etc.,— 
slid, rolled, pitched and tumbled down a steep incline—an up- 
per terrace—until coming to a pali about 1,000 feet high, and 
on an angle varying from thirty to seventy degrees, it plunged 
down this fearful steep, and constantly gathering momentum, 
it rushed across the plains below by its own gravity, at the 
rate of more than a mile per minute. It was not mud, though 
there was much water in the caverns of these hills ; and where 
this became mixed with the soils in the descent, it formed mud 
of course, as earth and water mixed always do. But the mass 
was the superincumbent strata of the hills, as the earthquake 
shook them off; and by sliding, rolling and plunging, under 
the force of gravity, all these materials were mixed up in one 
vast conglomerate mass. That this mass was not all mud is 
evident from the fact, that the whole atmosphere above and near 
it was filled with dry dust; and that it was not exploded by 
Steam or gases, appears probable, not to say certain, from the 
have 
ae — to me. Spe “a pe 
4 unaluu and Honuapu, I took correct measurements, On 
_ palms and on the ridges of aa, of the height of the earthquake 
Waves of April 2d, The greatest height was twenty feet. - The 
