312 F. W. Clarke on the Atomic Volumes of the Elements, 
this three times the most common value.for oxygen, or 15°, 
we have left, as the atomic volume of the nitrogen, the num- 
ber 13:0. The specific gravity of crystalline red phosphorus, 
(“metallic phosphorus”) pees to Hittorf is 2°34, am 
hence, as its atomic volume, we get 13:2. Bettendorf found 
the specific gravity of pins « arsenic to be 5°727, which 
gives us the atomic volume 13-1. or free vanadium we have 
subtracting the value of the oxygen, giving the latter element 
its second ‘value, we obtain as the atomic volume of vanadium 
the number 13: 
It must ts borne i in mind that both in this case, and with 
the radical NO,, it is a pure assumption to give oxygen its 
second value, ae of its first or third, yet the assumption 
seems warranted by the results. From these numbers we see 
that in the solid state, some at = of the atomic volumes of _ 
state, aa a elcals on 6 of the inwaat value for Se 
= connection with we aeperont equality between phosphorus 
arsenic, the fact is perhaps worth recalling that. the 
alkaline phosphates Hey arsenates with 12 a were found by 
ume is a matter of Uncertainty, si since the a. savy 
only one volatile compound of bismuth has been taken. = 
my last paper I suggested that perhaps this metal in its liqu 
ComApON ands | t mate the same value as antimony, although 
Ivestigatio $ might ae: it higher. If now, we ®% 
ne that bismuth, like phosphorus, vanadium, arsenic, # 
Be ag ae in n the solid. state an atomic volume half that 
ich it possesses in liquid compounds, we shall get as the 
atomic volume of 2 f liquid bismuth, the number 42°86, or more 
Leases 43-0, which i ae a multiple of the second value of liquid 
ighly A ape yet cannot be 
settled, “Nevertheless it will be seen that the values actl- 
ally found for the metals arsenic, — and bismuth, a 
to each other very nearly a as 3:4: 5, 
i tc 
_ 
