478 AMENTACEE. [ Castanea, 
styles 3, rarely 3 : 6, linear. Nuts by 3 to 1 enclosed in a more 
or less ‘globular or oblong echinate or almost conically-tubercled 
or rarely zonate or smooth involuere which is indehiscent or irregu- 
larly bursting. Nuts sear 1-seeded by abortion. Cotyledons 
thick, plano-convex or waved-ruminate. Ra dicle superior.—Trees 
quite of the habit of the oaks and ill-separated from them, with 
entire toothed or serrate leaves. 
* ead Aa with a or somone sharp spines. 
+ Leaves sharply se 
All softer pert and leaves oe oe oh tawny tomentos . C. Indica. 
+t Leaves Phsaes soe or remotely and hesiials serrate 
O Fruits more than an inch in diameter, the spines long 
and much ¢ 
Young shoo i a ubes 
Spines of involucre straight and ee’ glabrous; spikes robust, 
ntose . C. diversifolia. 
oe of involucre curved and strong, tawny pubescent § ; inflor- 
cence sparingly pubescent . C. Roxburghii. 
XX Quite glabrous. 
‘Leaves beneath more or less silvery ; male ere a nad and 
densely tawny-tomentose ; spines of fruit simple and free . C. argentea, 
Leaves beneath more or less tawny or somew ta metallic; male 
spikes very slender, isa ee: spines of fruit cluster- 
ed or connate at’bas C. Javaniea. 
OO a. ie than an 1 inch thick, usually the size of 
ch ines 0 srk rapa and distant. 
Leaves entire, - remo’ tiely aes tow — siehnevt or 
selvuag ae bro —_ tomentose beneath . . C, tribuloides. 
%* %& Fruits armed with very 
ort pointed or x Blunt.c 
deidvon qalerelees potas length turning so ad 
+ The eng involucre of a very thick coriaceous texture. : 
Fruits armed with short cones ; ‘leaves uniformly . OC, rhamnifolia. 
Adult fruits uname zonate, Brey leaves more or ae silvery or : 
poppery be th 5 . CO. inermis. 
+f Fruiting involuere - a . very "thin ’ texture. 
Fruits este smooth, wi or 5 seared annular — leaves 
based: or pot adh beneath . . C. lancearfolia. 
Tnitick Roxb. (Castanopsis thon D. C.; Brand. For. — 
Fl. ve A small tree, about 25 to 80 ft. high, the young partsall 
tavny-tomentose ; leaves oblong to elliptically oblong, on a tawny” 
pubescent _— e 8 to 5 lin. long, often unequal at the ro 4 
tans, 6 to 8 in. long, acuminate, bristly serrate, coriaceous, glossy fe 
above, beneath (especially on the nerves) shortly tawny-pubescen’s ae 
tose, 
panicles in the.axils of the leaves or more usually forming OP" — 
pound villous or tomentose panicles at the.end of the bra nches ; ma! 
perianth 6-parted, tawny-villous, the lobes ellipticals fruit-involu 
= ito. obovate, about an inch in diameter, irregularly burs¥?s 
when fully ripe, densely covered with spines, the spines nearly one 
an inch long, sparingly appressed-pubescent, thin, te. simple, 
