498 CONIFERE. [ Pinus. 
3-5 separate cotyledons, the radicle short, inferior or superior.— 
Trees or shrubs, usually evergreens, abounding in resins, with 
usually clustered or solitary linear or more or less terete or angular, 
rarely broad leaves. Catkins terminal, solitary or variously elus- 
tered, racemose or racemose-panicled. 
n order which is represented only by 5 species mn Burma, but 
which is of the highest importance to the forester, especially of 
temperate climates. Deal, fire, pine, and cedar are all woods 
generally known, but the timber of most of the other species 1s of 
Some of them attain an enormous height, like the 
mammoth-tree, which reaches 330 and even 450 ft. in height, with 
a girth of 80-100 ft. Oil of turpentine, pitch, balsams and resins 
are yielded by trees of this family in great quantity. 
%* Females in cones, consisting of numerous imbricate woody 
or coriaceous scales; ovary without a surrounding re- 
ceptacle. 
Cones dry, the scales free, usually woody ; leaves acicular, solitary, 
or by 2-5, ina short sheath . 4 3 3 5 < ‘ 
%* *& Females solitary, the ovary and nut surrounded by a 
single or double often fleshy receptacle, enclosed in 
the enlarged scales and often resembling a fleshy or 
rupe. 
Bracts in males dilated at apex; fruits seated within the bracts 
and surrounded by the outer loose somewhat fleshy or coria- 
ceous involucre; leaves usually dimorphous, scale-like and 
IN ip ee ee se ne * oss . Dacrydium. 
Bracts in males not or little dilated ; fruit fleshy, inversed, seated 
= a fleshy thick receptacle; leaves many or 1-nerved, often 
Pinus. 
ageia. 
PINUS, L. 
Flowers monoecious, in catkins. Scales numerous, narrowed at 
the base or almost stalked, the males bearing the 2 anthers on the 
under-surface. Anthers almost globular or oblong, 1-celled, ope2- 
i he female scales 
or bony pericarp, winged or wingless. Embryo in the axil : an 
oily-fleshy albumen; cotyledons 3-15, linear ; radicle infer10r-— 
Evergreen trees, with linear or acicular half-terete or angular leaves 
either solitary or clustered by 2-5 and sheathed at the base. 
Leaves by threes; opercle of scales not zonate Pea . P. kasyt .. 
Leaves by pairs; opercle zonate . 2s Sst ett Merkusti. 
