BRAMBLES 169 
that we are at present concerned. The species are abundant in the 
Northern Hemisphere, and a few occur in the Southern. 
RuBus BIFLORUS (two-flowered). Chiefly grown on 
account of its pure white stems and branches, which are 
tall and covered with strong, recurved prickles. The leaves are broken 
up into three or five oval leaflets, which are inclined to be lobed, are 
doubly-toothed, downy above and covered with white wool beneath. 
The flowers are white, in axillary clusters of two or three; May. Fruit 
large, globose, golden yellow. Introduced from temperate Himalaya 
(1818). This has a very ornamental appearance when trained up a dark- 
coloured wall. 
R. LACINIATUs (torn). Stems nearly round, straggling, well armed ; 
prickles with dilated base. Leaves divided into three or five deeply- 
dissected leaflets. The flowers are white or rosy, in loose panicles; the 
petals three-lobed at the apex; June to September. Fruit large, black. 
This species, variety, or hybrid, which is of garden origin, and its true 
relationships unknown, is a very ornamental subject for scrambling over 
a fence or tree-stump. It may even be planted in a bed by itself and 
given a few tree-roots to grow around. 
R. oporata (fragrant). Stem erect, 3 to 5 feet high, devoid 
of spines, but covered with purple, glandular bristles. Leaves lobed, 
minutely toothed. Flowers rosy purple, 2 inches across; petals rounded ; 
June to August. Fruit reddish, flat and broad. Introduced from North 
America (1700). 
R. ROSHFOLIUS (Rose-leaved). Stems erect, or nearly so, with 
scattered hooked prickles. Leaflets, five or seven, oval-lance-shaped, 
doubly and deeply toothed. Flowers white, solitary or in loose panicles ; 
August. Fruit orange-red. Himalaya (1811). 
R, SPECTABILIS (showy). Salmon Berry. Stem erect, 5 to 10 feet 
high, unarmed or spiny. Leaves three-lobed, or divided into three egg- 
shaped leaflets, saw-toothed. Flowers very large, bright red, produced 
solitarily or in pairs, from the axils; May. Fruit egg-shaped, large 
red. Introduced from North America (1827). 
Most Rubi are hardy, although even our tough Black- 
berry (R. fruticosus) occasionally receives a severe check 
through late frosts in early summer. Most garden soils will be found 
suitable for them, the chief care needed being to keep them within 
bounds by judicious cutting-back. They may be propagated from seed, - 
by layering the lower shoots, or by pegging down the tips of the long, 
arching ones, and covering slightly with earth. They soon root, and 
may then be separated and re-planted. 
1-2 
Principal Species. 
> 
Cultivation. 
