COTONEASTERS 179 
AMELANCHIER CANADENSIS (Canadian). Grape Pear. 
A small tree, 6 to 8 feet high, with oblong-elliptic leaves, 
ending in a sharp point, and a profusion of white flowers ; April. The 
fruit, which is small and sparingly produced, is purplish in colour, of 
a pleasant flavour, ripening in June. Introduced from Canada (1746). 
There are several varieties generally regarded in gardens as distinct 
species. 
A. VULGARIS (common). Common Amelanchier. A shrub, from 
3 to 9 feet high, with roundish-oval leaves, and abundant white flowers ; 
April. Fruit dark purple. Introduced from Europe about 1596. 
Amelanchiers may be grown without difficulty in a 
rich loamy soil, out of doors. They are propagated by 
seed sown as soon as ripe; by layering the lower shoots; by taking 
cuttings in autumn; or by grafting in spring upon stocks of Quince 
or Hawthorn. 
Principal Species. 
Cultivation. 
COTONEASTERS 
Natural Order Rosace&. Genus Cotoneaster 
CoToNEASTER (the old Roman name, signifying Quince-like). A genus 
comprising about fifteen species of hardy shrubs or small trees, with 
leathery, often downy, leaves, and small white or pink flowers, which 
are solitary, or grouped in few-flowered cymes. The calyx-tube is top- 
shaped or bell-shaped, with five persistent lobes. Petals five; stamens 
numerous, inserted at the mouth of the calyx ; carpels two to five, and 
fruit small, with two to five bony stones. The species are natives of 
Europe, temperate Asia, North Africa, and Mexico. C. vulgaris occurs 
in Britain, but only on the limestone cliffs of the Great Orme’s Head, in 
Carnarvonshire. 
CoTONEASTER AFFINIS (a cousin). A shrub, about 4 
feet high, with lance-shaped leaves and pinkish flowers in 
large cymes; April and May. Fruits of an intense scarlet hue, remaining 
on the plant well through the winter. Introduced from Himalaya (1820). 
C. BUXIFOLIA (box-leaved). A small shrub, 3 or 4 feet high, with 
elliptic evergreen leaves, woolly beneath. Flowers white, rather large, 
in two- to six-flowered cymes; April and May. Berries scarlet. Intro- 
duced from Himalaya (1824). 
: C. rrictpa (cold). Shrub or small tree, 10 feet high, robust 
wing. Leaves oblong-lance-shaped, woolly beneath ; sub-evergreen. 
Flowers white, in many-flowered, woolly cymes; April and May. 
Principal Species. 
