2 Sie ek hs al 
i 
i 
i 
MARIGOLDS 305 
EmILIA SAGITTATA (arrow-headed). Stem 1} foot high. 
Radical leaves oval, with heart-shaped or arrow-head- 
shaped base; stem-leaves alternate, more lance-shaped, half-clasping the 
stem, coarsely toothed. Flower-heads, scarlet or orange, in clusters of 
from three to seven at the ends of the branches; June to September. An 
annual. Natives of India and the Philippines. Introduced 1799. 
The directions given for the culture of the annual 
species of Senecio will apply generally to Emilia. They are 
raised from seed, of course, and this should be sown in April or May 
where the plants are to flower, or in a seed-bed, whence the seedlings are 
pricked out in permanent positions as soon as they are large enough to 
handle. Their flower-heads, though individually rather small, are rendered 
conspicuous by their brilliant colouring. 
Description of Emilia sagittata, the Scarlet Cacalia: upper portions 
ad of two plants. A with orange, B with scarlet flowers. 
Figs. 1 A and 2 B are sections through the flower-heads of these two 
varieties; 3 A and 4 B are individual florets from each, whilst 5 is the 
fruit and its pappus crown, and 6 a seedling. 
Principal Species. 
Cultivation. 
MARIGOLDS 
Natural Order Compositz. Genus Calendula 
CALENDULA (Latin, calende, the first day of each month; in allusion to 
its almost perpetual flowering). A genus of about twenty species of 
greenhouse and hardy annuals and perennials, distinguished by the disk 
being nearly flat and devoid of scales: the involucre formed of one or 
two series of bracts usually with dry, translucent edges ; the ray-florets 
strap-shaped, in two or three series, female; the disk-florets tubular, 
male; the fruit curved and without pappus. Natives chiefly of the 
Mediterranean region. 
The Common or Pot Marigold (Calendula officinalis) 
was introduced to Britain from Southern Europe in 1573; 
about the same time that the African and French Marigolds were being 
History. 
‘made known here. Calendula, however, was grown not only for its 
freely-produced orange flower-heads, but because they were useful as a 
flavouring in soups and also to give these a fine colour. They were 
similarly used to colour cheese. It has taken kindly to English soil, and 
has a way of taking possession of a garden, unless it is closely watched, 
and its flower-heads plucked before they can ripen their seeds, Many a 
11.—3 
