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AMERICAN JOURNAL 
SCIENCE AND ARTS. 
CONDUCTED BY 
Prorrssors B. SILLIMAN anno JAMES D. DANA, 
IN CONNECTION WITH 
Prorressors ASA GRAY, anp WOLCOTT GIBBS, 
or CAMBRIDGE, 
AND 
Proressors H. A. NEWTON, 8. W. JOHNSON, 
GEO. J. BRUSH, anp A. E. VERRILL, 
or NEW HAVEN, 
SECOND SERIES. 
VOL. L.—[WHOLE NUMBER, C.] 
Nos. 148, 149, 150. 
JULY, SEPTEMBER, NOVEMBER. 
NEW HAVEN: EDITORS. 
1870. 
PRINTED BY TUTTLE, MOREHOUSE & TAYLOR, 221 sTATE s7T, 
