88 T.8& Hunton the Geology of Eastern New England. 
England. If this upper series is to be identified with the crys- 
talline schists which, in Hastings County, Ontario, overlie, 
unconformably, the Laurentian, and yet contain Hozoon Cana- 
dense, the presence of this fossil can no longer serve to identify 
the Laurentian system. To this lower horizon however, I have 
referred a belt of gneissic rocks in Kastern Massachusetts, which 
are lithologically unlike the present series, and identical with 
the Laurentian of New York and Canada. To the upper series 
appear to belong the great endogenous granitic veins so well 
known to mineralogists as containing beryl, tourmaline and other 
fine crystallized minerals. 
fine-grained, white granitoid gneisses, often present an 
apparently bedded structure, which enables them to be removed 
and in the cuttings on the Grand-Trunk Railway near Berlin 
Falls, New Hampshire. It is also observed in exotic or intru- 
te S 
Von Buch, and, I believe, correctly explained by Prof. N. 3 
Shaler to be due to movements of contraction and expansion in 
the mass, caused by variation of temperature during the changes 
of the seasons. He has not however observed this structure at 
greater depths than from three to five feet, while in some rocks 
I have found it penetrating probably twenty feet. (See Shaler’s 
paper, read a the Boston Nat. History Society, 
1869, and published in the Proceedings of the Society, 
page’ 289). 
Rt kee, I admit the existence in the Dominion of 
ed. ey 
vol. xu, 
strata in Maine and New Brunswick are generally but little 
altered. In the Connecticut valley at Bernardston, Massachu- 
