Physics and Chemistry. 109 
ri of ig employed will indicate the sum of the copper and 
case the author precipitates the copper in another 
portiaa of the assay Me means of zinc coupled with platinum, and 
then determines the iron by means of rene : hypenon nganate. 
The copper is then easily found by “ise ve author deter- 
mines the litre of his solu ceap of t ig wap means of pure metallic 
On the utilization of — secondary products obtained i im Ps 
manufacture of chloral._— A. W. Hormann has examined a 
mixture of secondary ergaucss obtained during the saprolite of 
chloral, and condensed during cold weather. The liquid began to 
boil at 17°-18°, rising slowly to 30°-31°, where the temperature 
remained constant a short time, and then rising again to 50°, when 
nearly all distilled over. The most volatile portions were mixed 
with three times their volume of alcohol saturated at 0° wit 
monia and heated in a ater bath for an hour. The liquid was 
then filtered separate crystals of sal-ammoniac er the alcohol 
ammonia an orinated ethylic chlorids. distille 
of chlorhydrates of ethyl-ammonias remaining vas decomposed 
with caustic soda, and the m arated liquid alkalies dehydrated by 
caustic soda, and finally di tilled. In this manner 5 litres of the 
secondary products issacoles gave 14 liters of a mixture of an- 
ofmann. The results of this investigation are PC: _— 
the prospect which they afford of obtaining the ethyl-ammonias as 
an article of commerce, at a reasonable price, and in comparative 
oe endus, 1xx, p. 906. G. 
On the nature of the secondary products obtained in the man- 
ufaet ure of chloral.—KRimer has studied the other products of 
the action of chlorine upon alcohol, the existence of a large quan- 
tity of rant soe chlorid having been shown fmann. As the 
ethylic chlorid was in contact with an excess of chlorine, it was 
saan & to expect to find in the less volatile oily products the 
whole series of chlorinated ethylic ere described by anny 
and experiment nenige ve tha ran eral of th e substances were _ 
not a studied. To prove the identity of the chlorethyliden ob- 
tained in this manner with that obtained from aldehyd y the ac- 
is of phosphoric pentachlorid, Kramer heated a portion of it 
