Extracts from Mr. Bentham’s Address. 327 
both cases, the permanent animals of the deep-sea bottom and 
the permanent trees of the terrestrial forests have witnessed a 
type and species through ages, whilst their surroundings were 
changed over and over again) does not indicate that there have 
races in the same a and under the same physical conditions, 
according to their constitutional idiosyneracies, and also that 
one and the same race may be permanent or more or less chang- 
Ing, according to local, climatological, or other physical condi- 
tions in which it may be placed, we have removed one of the 
great obstacles to the investigation of the history of races, the 
apparent want of uniformity in the laws which regulate the 
‘Succession of forms. We may not only trace, with more confi- 
dence, such modifications of race through successive geological 
periods as Prof. Huxley has recently exhibited to us in respect 
