E. &. Morse on the early stages of Brachiopods. 103 
1. Iam not aware that any other zodlogist has denied the 
validity of “type-species” (especially when particularly desig- 
nated as such) in works even much earlier than 1841. 
. Even. if the original description of Toxopneustes would 
include Spherechinus, yet, as I have explained above, Agassiz 
himself referred the species of the latter to Hchinus in the same 
article, and he probably knew accurately what group was defined 
as Toxopneustes at that time. 
3. All the “limitations” by Desor, which are said to have 
priority over mine, I have always admitted and adopted. 
. I do not base any changes upon “a mistake,” for whether 
“ Ei. pileolus” or “ EF. tuberculatus” be taken as the type of Toxop- 
neustes, the claims of Huryechinus remain unaffected, and I have, 
when making the change, distinctly stated my conviction that 
the reference to H. pileolus should not be regarded, and have 
adopted Toaxopneustes in place of Toxocidaris A. Ag. (See Trans. 
Conn. Acad.). : 
5. Whether #. tuberculatus be “‘a nominal species” does not 
affect the character of the genus to which it belongs. 
6. I know of no more fruitful source of confusion than the 
transferring of a name from the group to which it originally 
parneed to another totally distinct from it, and re-naming the 
t group. 
‘§ Had Mr. Agassiz, before naming Toxocidaris, looked a lit- 
tle more closely into the early synonymy of Toaopneustes, all 
confusion in this case might have been avoided. 
8. The fact that there is a future for zodlogical nomenclature, 
well as a past, should not be forgotten, nor that a just and 
reasonable application of the universally recognized law of pri- 
fity. 
ority is the surest way of securing future sta 
Art, XV.— On the Early Stages of Brachiopods; by E. 8. 
MorseE.* 
THE writer made a visit to Eastport, Maine, early in the 
ly stages of 
es ) 
abundant in those waters. As little has been known sees 
the early stages of this class of animals the facts here presen 
more important features will be mentioned here. L 
individuals the ovaries were found partially filled with eggs. 
* From the American Naturalist, September, 1869. 
