348 _ 8. F. Peckham on California Petroleum. 
The lubricating oils are of very low specific gravity; of a 
reddish color in the crude state, and easily rectified. (S.) 
The crude oil yields a very large percentage of distillate. The 
lightest oils are not very light (W., M.), and the odor of the 
crude distilled oils not more disagreeable than that of many 
samples of so-called commercial refined oil. 
I recently obtained from the office of the Philadelphia and 
California Petroleum Company, a small portion of a sam 
oil said to have come from the Pico Spring. This was supposed 
Warren and IT also obtained from the same place a 
small bottle of oil, labelled Pag hier oil,” and bearing upon the 
seal the initials his bottle of oil accompanied sso 
one additional characteristics. 
With the thermometer bulb immersed in the boiling oil, the 
oil boiled at 124° C., and with Mr. Warren’s condensing apparatus, 
yielded with the boiling oil at 200° C., 174; at 220° C., 250; 
at 227° C., 276; with the bath at 200° C., 200 ce, yielded TT: 5 ce., 
= 38°75 per cent of colorless distillate. The sp. gr. of this dis- 
tillate is *785=50° Baumé. 
From we wpaundaiesons of California oils of undoubted 
authenticity, I chalier the following characteristics. 
olor of genuine oils is dark green, when fresh, 
with marked dichroism. Three samples which I gathered in 
May and June of last year, when opened in Boston about ten 
weeks afterwards, appeared of a dark brownish black, having 
nearly lost their dichroism. 
Vonsisten 
e.—I have seen no oils from natural outcrops that 
could vend be called “thin and mobile.” They are of about 
the consistence of olive or linseed oil. The oils from tunnels 
When fresh, are lighter colored, and more mobile fluids. 
—The odor of Southern California petroleums is pecu- 
liar; not as offensive as those of Pennsylvania and Canada ; but 
at the same time unlike refined kerosene. } 
ity.—The density of the oil from the 
Cafiada Laga . -9184==23° B. 
Tunnel i in “bre Caton; “die 3 Pp, ee - -9023—=25° B. 
Pico s *8832—28°5° B. 
spring, - 
Lightest oil examined 4 fhysclf me HP. Pr, — *875=30° B. 
Lightest o oil said to have been proc 
tremity of a re 95 ft. in engi H. 7 Go, Rs525—34 5 B. 
