98 Prof. Treadwell’s Improvements in Cannon. 
of civilization. 
We in our day, within the last fifteen years, have witnessed a 
change in the means of attack and defense greater than any 
made in the two hundred years previous, a change ene 
complete revolution in tactics, both on land and on sea. 10 
id nd 
our whole navy as it was in 
Fortunately, the balance is redressed by equal improvement 
in defense. 
The improvement in fire-arms, both great and small, is in their 
increased range and precision. When the effective range of 4 
musket-bullet was extended from 200 yards to 1400 or more, it 
projectile, and the devices for . breech-loading, are necessarily 
subordinate to the question of strength: with this sufficient, 
cast in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. - se 
But the most effective guns of the present day embody mae 
inciples of strength. ey are all built-up guns. With them — 
= takis the names of Armstrong, Blakely, Whitworth, © 
