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280 Miscelianeous Intelligence. 
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purposes, such as the manufacture of engine cranks, axles, tires of wheels, 
and even rails. The paper described successful experiments which had 
n made in the use of cast-steel for these purposes. The paper con- 
cluded by stating that cast-steel was now being used as a subetinte for 
iron to a great and rapidly increasing extent. There were now seventeen 
extensive Bessemer steel works in Great Britain, There were at present 
erected and in course of erection in England no less than sixty converting 
vessels, each capable of producing from three to ten tons at a single 
charge. When in regular operation, », those versels were capable o of pis 
mentioned. With the present means of production, therefore, a saving 
not less than 6,240,000/. per annum might be effected in Great Britain 
alone, even in the present infant state of the ee manufactare : 
In the discussion which followed, in reply to Mr. Bramwel I, 
mer said they had proof that they could produce malleable iron, “but at a 
the same time the bulk of iron ores were so impregnated with phospho- =~ 
rus and sulphur that it was extremely difficult. They, however, - =o 
i A 
er 
the furnace and the cast-steel ingots obtained. But from this should be 
deducted 5 per cent of impurities, and 5 per cent the usual waste of pig- 
iron in melting, so that only 24 pr. ct. of iron was wasted in the process. 
- Mr. Lloyd said, as a practical ironmaster, he could bear testimony to 
the value of Mr. Bessemer’s process. He had as it for three years, and 
had accomplished all that Mr. Bessemer had st 
— Fairbairn said there could be no doubt ate a great change would 
or later take place in the manufacture of iron. itherto the great 
dificat in the manufacture of steel had been the want of uniformity. 
Be Re re a oe ent ee RRS ORE SN ce Ec i = 
If Mr. er by his process could always secure uniformity in the 
quality of his manufacture, the probability was ~ steel would take the 
place wrought iron in _ large. Pe only on account of its 
brightness, but of its increased stren 
“Dr. Price stated that the parte wacom of es sr Kes was due in & 
measure to the fuel employed ; and as it has been proved by careful 
enact that all the phosphoric avid in the materials melted at English 
what was the maximum amount of phosphorus that might con- 
tain to bevavailable for conversion 2 his cn ee es bee 
— nine me ai 0 iron would suit for this purpose. 
r. Bessemer said, 0°1 pr. ¢ horus | abi t in the pigs 
Baa aan atic annem ere 
