374 A, S. Bickmore on the Ainos of Saghalien. 
European division of the Aryan fay Their nostrils are 
somewhat thick, but the nose is much more prominent than in 
any branch of the North Turanian family at least. This last 
character is not fully shown in the accompanying photographs, 
as they do not represent the head in profile. 
atham, in the latest edition of his careful and extensive 
work, ‘ Descriptive Ethnology,” published in 1858 
the Ainos and Gilaks (Gilyaks) to one sub-group of the Tu- 
ranian family, “the Kurilians.’” He further adds: ‘‘ Mongol 
features are guna yet prominent | noses and comparatively 
thick beards a re by no means rare.” The first character is 
true of all the Glyeks, who are probably more nearly allied to 
the Kamtschadales, the Koriaks, the Tchuktchis and the Yu- 
kahiri, than they are to the neighboring Tungusic tribes on 
the Amoor. All these peoples are of pure Mongolian stock. 
amon all the Ainos, whether those living on the Kurile 
on Yesso, or on Saghalien 
Vous Siebold, who lived many years in Japan, and who en- 
joyed the best of opportunities for studying this people, in one 
of ast works, “ Elucidations to the discoveries of Vries. 
London, 1859, speaks of this isolated and distinct people as 
“the Aino tribe, ’ as if, instead of belonging to a different 
grand division of the human family, they merely formed but 
one of the many Turanian tribes in the northeastern parts of 
Asia, though widely se arated fon them.* 
Even Mr. Pauly, in his great work published at Moscow, in 
celebration of the crowning of the present Czar of Russia, in 
1855, refers them to a subdivision of the Turanian family, a 
Pac — des in that subdivision the Gilyaks, the Kamtschadales, 
we Not only do these people differ from all the Turanians in 
their physique, but in all their mental characteristics. In- 
of being rese 
to their own country. Their mild and generous dis- 
ns haye been especially noticed by every European who 
r seen them. Capt. Krusenstern thus minutely and 
y descr characteristics : ‘‘ Here (i. e. wit 
allings) was no loud talking, no Se ot laughter, 
b ch i ie vu wit had not seen this yiew of Von Sie- - 
