Whitney’s Geology of California. 243 
very ragged and most picturesque outline against the sky, the 
southern slope being very steep. short distance farther east 
It is in fact as if an anticlinal axis crossed the chain at an o 
lique angle; at the western end the northern side of the arch 
being Wanting, and at the eastern end, the southern being re- 
ls referred to the illustrations in the volume. 
The bituminous shales yield much bituminous material. As- 
Phaltum and oil occur in great quantities and at many local- 
tly fi 
. 
on the north of the San Fernando valley, to the height of 3,000 
feet. It is com of beds of sandstone of immense thick- 
ness, very non-fossiliferous, which are overlaid by the bitu- 
Minous shales that extend north into the valley of the Santa 
Clara river, all dipping to the north. There are evidences of an 
immense fault, and the San Fernando valley occupies the line of 
the b The broken edges of the thick sandstone strata, pre- _ 
pt gti and precipitous front to the south =. ae 
__ like a gigantic’ wall from the plain, are conspicuous and grand — 
—— Objec ae cnened of the region. he fault must be great, 
for the hills rise to at least 3,000 ft., the upper members being of 
