62 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



be made. We are satisfied thaj: most excellent results can be 

 obtained where conditions permit the employment of only mod- 

 erate pressures. 



It should be understood that such results can hardly be obtained 

 upon trees in the near vicinity of others which have not been 

 sprayed. It will be seen by reference to the preceding account 

 of the habits of this insect, that the codling moth may breed 

 upon trees bearing no fruit, consequently, we believe it will pay 

 the fruit grower to spray all trees in a bearing orchard without 

 regard to whether they are fruiting or not. Our experience last 

 year demonstrated the necessity of very thorough work if the 

 high percentages of worm-free fruit cited above, are to be ob- 

 tained. One tree in a special plot, where spraying was less 

 thorough than on the others, though not perceptible to the eye of 

 a practical orchardist making the application, produced only 

 95.06^ of worm-free fruit. We would suggest that thoroughness 

 in the distribution of the poison, in an effort to cover every 

 portion of leaf and fruit with minute particles of spray will, in 

 the long run, prove more effective and satisfactory than the 

 application of large amounts of poison, especially if the spray is 

 used so liberally as to cause dripping. 



It may appear to some that the above results are too good 

 even for an experiment, not to mention the practical fruit 

 grower. The facts of the case are that all our sprayings wxre 

 made by fruit growers with apparatus at hand. The scientist 

 simply insisted on good, thorough work. The spraying was not 

 nearly so heavy as it might have been and could not on that 

 account be deemed impractical. 



Work of other cxpcrimentors 



There is abundant.evidence to show that our general resjLilts 

 with the sprays were not markedly superior to what others have 

 been able to obtain, whether they were located in New Hamp- 

 shire, West Virginia or some other portion of the country. This 

 aspect of the problem therefore requires little discussion. On 

 the other hand, the tests with but one spray have not been so 

 numerous and were mostly conducted under conditions where 

 error could not be easily eliminated. Experiments very similar 

 to ours were those of Sanderson ['08 1. In 1907 he sprayed a 

 plot of six trees once, just after the blossoms fell, using 2 pounds 

 of arsenate of lead to a barrel of bordeaux, and in a vield of 



