REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR I913 147 



systematists, that at that epoch he entered into the group of 

 Homo sapiens. True enough, even then he afforded a large 

 variety of types analogous to if not identical with those which 

 we find today: the Grimaldi-type with negroid characters very 

 strongly expressed; the Chancelade-type which approaches the type 

 of the Eskimo; and, finally, the Cro-Magnon-type, much more 

 widely diffused and whose descendants Professor Verneau has 

 found among the almost contemporary Guanchos of the Canary 

 islands. It is fair then to say that living humanity was already in 

 possession of its essential traits and even of its principal varieties in 

 the Later Pleistocene. Because of this fact our study finds itself 

 restricted to human fossils of the Middle and Early Pleistocene. 

 The Middle Pleistocene man, which has generally been designated 







Jaw of the Heidelberg man (Homo heidelbergensis) 



by the name of Homo neanderthalensis, is actually very 

 well known morphologically, thanks to the beautiful work of M. 

 Boule. 



We know much less of the man or the anthropoid creatures 

 which preceded Homo neanderthalensis; in fact, we 

 have as documents here only insufficient and scattered bone frag- 

 ments. The lower jaw, the only relic of the creature to which the 

 name of Homo heidelbergensis has been given, is re- 

 markable for the association which it presents of pithecoid and 

 human characters. It is striking throughout by its massive appear- 

 ance, by the large size of its ascending branches and by the com- 

 plete absence of a chin. The mandibular angle is truncated, the 

 semilunar groove but slightly marked, the coronoid apophysis obtuse 

 and with rounded edges, the articular surface of the condyle much 



