THE GEOLOGY OF THE SYRACUSE QUADRANGLE 1 3 



the surface into rhomboidal figures. Some of the layers are char- 

 acterized by great numbers of the small ostracod Leperditia 

 s c a 1 a r i s . 



The limestone was quarried many years ago in the hill a half 

 mile southeast of the university campus, and several other places 

 in the region, for use in foundations, but its use has been very 

 limited because as a building material it is inferior to the limestones 

 in the overlying strata. It has been used locally in large quantities 

 for constructing stone fences where the principal object was prob- 

 ably to rid the surface of the stone to make the land tillable. 



Good exposures of this rock may be seen in the area north of the 

 Split Rock quarries, in Chrysler's glen, in the Elmwood valley, in 

 the rock cut on the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad 

 south of Syracuse, at the east end of the railway channel, over large 

 areas between the railway channel and the city, between Lyndon 

 and the gypsum quarries and nearly continuous for several miles 

 along the south side of the channel extending east from Real's sta- 

 tion on the Jamesville trolley line, and best of all in the gorge below 

 the falls at Fiddler's Green, which suggests the local name used for 

 this bed. At Fiddler's Green both in the gorge and along the trolley 

 line below the gorge it contains several well-marked thrust faults. 

 Several smaller faults also occur in the rock cut in the railway 

 channel. Stylolite markings occur at several exposures in this lime- 

 stone, but are not limited to this horizon as they show to even better 

 advantage in some of the dolomites higher in the series. 



The remainder of the Camillus group underlying the Fiddler's 

 Green limestone, nearly 500 feet in thickness, consists of argillaceous 

 shales with several beds of limestone, rock salt and gypsum scattered 

 through them. The limestones and the salt beds form distinct strata 

 in the series but the gypsum occurs in threads, veins, and masses, 

 diffused through the shale and nowhere forms persistent beds of 

 any great thickness. Some of the gypsum is of the fibrous or satin 

 spar variety and some of it is the transparent and translucent 

 selenite. Considerable quantities of the selenite variety of gypsum 

 were exposed in excavations on the university campus and in the 

 quarries on the bank of the canal north of Fayetteville. 



The shales are exposed in many of the excavations in building 

 construction in the city and they outcrop on the surface in many 

 places through the glacial drift covering. Among the many ex- 

 posures where the shale may be seen and studied are the stream 

 banks at Chrysler station on the Auburn suburban line, the cuttings 



