THE GEOLOGY OF THE SYRACUSE QUADRANGLE 43 



nent from Hopper's glen southward by Dorwin spring and through 

 the Indian reservation. 



The hill in the north part of the city of Syracuse north of the 

 Erie canal was an island in the glacial Lake Iroquois, and the shore 

 terraces of the extinct lake are quite prominent on the north and 

 west side of the hill. A gravel pit a few blocks northeast of the 

 Wolf street car barns shows the beach structure of the terrace 



(pl- 15)- 



Terraces probably of a little more recent date show distinctly 

 along the south side of Oneida lake. 



LAKE PLAINS AND DRUMLINS 



From the plateau ecarpment northward, the area is a somewhat 

 variegated plain stretching to the shore of Lake Ontario and known 

 as the Ontario Lake plain. The area on the Syracuse quadrangle 

 is part of a large area stretching west beyond the Niagara river and 

 eastward until it merges into the plain of the Mohawk valley. Scat- 

 tered over this lake plain are a few outliers of the plateau, one of 

 which is the hill in the north part of the city of Syracuse, and a 

 great many oval-shaped hills known as drumlins. 



Most of the drumlins lie west of the Syracuse area but there 

 are a few in the city and east of the city. On the plains west and 

 northwest from the city there are scores of these drumlins. One 

 of the drumlins known as Mount Olympus occurs on the southern 

 margin of the university campus and several others east and south- 

 east of the campus. 



The surface of the drumlins in the Syracuse area consists of a 

 reddish till or boulder clay derived in large part from the outcrop 

 of the Vernon shale. The north end of the drumlin on the campus 

 has been cut away in the building operations of the university and 

 shows a bedrock core of the drab colored Camillus shales. To what 

 extent the other drumlins of the area have rock cores, constituting 

 what are known as rocdrumlins, is not known. 



HYDROLOGY 

 The area of the Syracuse quadrangle all drains through the 

 Oswego river into Lake Ontario. The central and southwestern 

 part of the area drains into Onondaga lake through Ley, Onondaga 

 and Ninemile creeks and their tributaries and thence into the Seneca 

 river, the junction of which with the Oneida river forms the Oswego 

 river. The southeastern part of the area is drained by Butternut 



